赴美留学研究生奖学金知多少

名词解释

　　从严格意义上讲，所谓美国大学“奖学金”应称为“经济资助（financial aid）”，这些奖学金有些是基金会、企业、公司、工厂或私人捐助给学院的，金额从五百美元到十几万美元不等，大部分限制只提供给美国公民，供给国际学生的很少。

　　Financial Aid:

　　Money provided to the student and the family to help them pay for the student's education. Major forms of financial aid include gift aid (grants and scholarships) and self-help aid (loans and work).

　　Fellowship:

　　MA form of aid given to graduate students to help support their education. Some fellowships include a tuition waiver or a payment to the university in lieu of tuition. Most fellowships include a stipend to cover reasonable living expenses (e.g., just above the poverty line). Fellowships are a form of gift aid and do not have to be repaid.

　　Scholarship:

　　A form of financial aid given to undergraduate students to help pay for their education. Most scholarships are restricted to paying all or part of tuition expenses, though some scholarships also cover room and board. Scholarships are a form of gift aid and do not have to be repaid. Many scholarships are restricted to students in specific courses of study or with academic, athletic or artistic talent.

　　Grant:

　　A type of financial aid based on financial need that the student does not have to repay.

　　Graduate Assistantship:

　　There are two types of graduate assistantships: teaching assistantships (TA) and research assistantships (RA). TAs and RAs receive a full or partial tuition waiver and a small living stipend. TAs are required to perform teaching duties. RAs are required to perform research duties, not necessarily related to the student's thesis research.

　　Renewable Scholarships:

　　A scholarship that is awarded for more than one year. Usually the student must maintain certain academic standards to be eligible for subsequent years of the award. Some renewable scholarships will require the student to reapply for the scholarship each year; others will just require a report on the student's progress to a degree.

研究生奖学金的申请

　　Fellowship:

　　Fellowship是一种对在进行研究工作的人员给予的较高额奖学金，是给研究生的经济资助中竞争最为激烈的奖学金。如果获得了Fellowship，即除了免学杂费、住宿费、保险费、书本费以外，还给获奖学生一定金额作为其个人消费费用。同时不必服务，也不用纳税，这种奖学金是完全意义上的“全奖”。

　　Graduate Assistantship

　　Teaching Assistantship (TA):A form of financial aid awarded to graduate students to help support their education. Teaching assistantships usually provide the graduate student with a waiver of all or part of tuition, plus a small stipend for living expenses. As the name implies, a TA is required to perform teaching-related duties.

　　Research Assistantship (RA): A form of financial aid awarded to graduate students to help support their education. Research assistantships usually provide the graduate student with a waiver of all or part of tuition, plus a small stipend for living expenses. As the name implies, an RA is required to perform research duties. Sometimes these duties are strongly tied to the student's eventual thesis topic.

　　Tuition Waiver

　　实际上Tuition Waiver并不属于奖学金的范畴，而是属于经济资助，这是中国学生，尤其是非理工类申请人拿的最多的一类资助类型。它也是非服务性资助中发放最多的，最容澳际请的一种。这里顺便说一句：如果你可以获得学费全部减免就是大学通常所说的“半奖”，如果再拿到RA/TA就属于“全奖”了。