新SAT阅读必考建国纲领之《解放黑人奴隶宣言》.

　　从2016年开始，准备本科赴美留学的童鞋们需要参加新SAT考试。新SAT考试与现行的SAT考试相比，阅读部分的难度更高，因为新SAT阅读中增加了对美国建国纲领的考察，也就是说，如果没读过《独立宣言》，没学过《解放黑人奴隶宣言》，不知道美国国会的构成和职能，不了解汉密尔顿是谁等等，想读懂新SAT阅读是很难的。为了帮助童鞋们克服缺乏背景知识的障碍，本文特意整理了新SAT明确要考察的建国纲领之一，《解放黑人奴隶宣言》的中英双语版，希望对童鞋们备考新SAT有所帮助~

　　美国《解放黑人奴隶宣言》(1862年)

　　阿佰拉罕·林肯

　　有鉴于1862年9月22日，联邦总统已经公布了一项宣言，包含如下内容，即：

　　自公元1863年1月1日起，任何一州内指定地区要是仍有蓄有奴隶，当地人们将视为反叛合众国政府。一切被蓄为奴的人应该获得自由，并永享自由。合众国政府，包括陆海军当局，承认并维护上述人员之自由。对于此种人或其中任何一人为争取自由而作努力，不采取任何压制行动。

　　从上述的1月1日起，总统将认定并宣布那些为反叛合众国政府的州或州内地区。其他各州及当地人人民如于该日确有由该州多数合格选民选出的代表真诚地参加合众国国会，倘物其他有力之反证，该州及其人民将被确认为不反叛合众国政府。因此，我，合众国总统阿佰拉罕·林肯，际此合众国政府及其权威受到武装叛乱反对时期，依据合众国政陆海军总司令职权，为剿灭上述叛乱而采取适当与必须的军事手段，在此公元1863年1月1日，于上次为此目的而发表之宣言满一百日之际，正式宣布并认定下列各州、州内地区及其人民反叛合众国政府，即，阿肯色州、德克萨斯州、路易斯安那州(以下除外：”圣佰纳、帕拉奎明斯、杰弗逊、圣约翰、圣查理士、圣詹姆士、阿克森、阿森姆逊、特里本、拉孚切、圣玛丽、圣马丁和奥尔良各教区、新奥尔良市)、密西西比州、亚拉巴马洲、弗罗里达州、佐治亚洲、南卡罗来纳州、北卡罗来纳州及弗吉尼亚洲(除指定为西弗吉尼亚的四十八个县及其柏克莱、阿康马克、诺斯汉姆顿、伊丽萨白市、约克、安公主与诺福克，包括诺福克市及朴茨茅斯市)。明确规定，对上述除外的各地区目前保持本宣言公布之原状。

　　根据上述目的及我有之权力，我正式命令并宣布，在上述指明的各州及州内地区，所有被蓄为了奴隶的人，从现在起。获得自由。并永享自由，合众国政府，包括其陆海军当局，承认及维护上述人员之自由。

　　我在此责成上述宣告获得自由之人员，除必须之自卫，应该避免使用任何暴力;同时劝告他们，只要可能。在任何情况下都应该忠实工作，取得合理的薪金。

　　我还要宣布周知，上述人员如条件符合，可为了合众国征集入伍及警卫堡垒要塞、据点兵站及其他地方;亦可在各种军舰上服务。

　　我真诚地认为，这是一个正义的行动，此行动由于军事之必须，为宪法所认可。我要求人类判断此行动时预以谅解，请求全能上帝慈悲赐福。

　　The Emancipation Proclamation

　　Whereas, on the 22d day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, a proclamation was issued by the President of the United States, containing, among other things, the following,to wit:

　　"That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thencorward, and forever free; and the Executive Government of the United States, including the military and naval authority thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons, and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any forts they may make for their actual freedom.

　　"That the Executive will, on the first day of January aforesaid, by proclamation, designate the States and parts of States,if any, in which the people thereof, respectively, shall then be in rebellion against the United States; and the fact that any State, or the people thereof,shall on that day be, in good faith, represented in the Congress of the United States by members chosen there to at elections wherein a majority of the qualified voters of such State shall have participated, shall, in the absence of strong countervailing testimony, be deemed conclusive evidence that such State,and the people thereof, are not then in rebellion against the United States."

　　Now, therore I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-in-Chi, ofthe Army and Navy of the United States in time of actual armed rebellion against the authority and government of the United States, and as a fit and necessary war measure for suppressing said rebellion, do, on this first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three,and in accordance with my purpose so to do publicly proclaimed for the full period of one hundred days, from the day first above mentioned, order and designate as the States and parts of States wherein the people thereof respectively, are this day in rebellion against the United States, the following, to wit:

　　Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana (except the Parishes of St.Bernard, Plaquemines, Jferson, St. John, St. Charles, St. James, Ascension,Assumption, Terrebonne, Lafourche, St. Mary, St. Martin, and Orleans, including the City of New Orleans), Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia (except the forty-eight counties designated as West Virginia, and also the counties of Berkeley, Accomack,Northampton, Elizabeth City, York, Princess Anne, and Norfolk, including the cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth), and which excepted parts, are for the present lt precisely as if this proclamation were not issued.

　　And by virtue of the power, and for the purpose aforesaid, I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated States, and parts of States, are, and hencorward shall be free;and that the Executive government of the United States, including the military and naval authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of said persons.

　　And I hereby enjoin upon the people so declared to be free to abstain from all violence, unless in necessary self-dence; and I recommend to them that, in all cases when allowed, they labor faithfully for reasonable wages.

　　And I further declare and make known, that such persons of suitable condition, will be received into the armed service of the United States to garrison forts, positions, stations, and other places, and to man vessels of all sorts in said service.

　　And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an act of justice, warranted by the Constitution upon military necessity, I invoke the considerate judgment of mankind, and the gracious favor of Almighty God.

　　In witness whereof, I have here unto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed.

　　Done at the City of Washington, this first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty three,and of the Independence of the United States of America the eighty-seventh.

　　By the President: Abraham Lincoln

　　William H. Seward,Secretary of State.