GMAT考试资料：GWD试题合集（二十一）.

　　以下将为正在备战GMAT考试的同学们整理一些经典的GMAT阅读试题，并分多个合集推出，希望能够为正在备考GMAT考试的考生提供或多或少的帮助。

　　11. GWD-9-Q4 -Q7印加高地居民的生态农垦圈

　　By the sixteenth century, the Incas

　　of South America ruled an empire that

　　extended along the Pacific coast and

　　Line Andean highlands from what is now

　　(5) Ecuador to central Chile. While most

　　of the Incas were self-sufficient

　　agriculturists, the inhabitants of the

　　highland basins above 9,000 feet were

　　constrained by the kinds of crops they

　　(10) could cultivate. Whereas 95 percent

　　of the principal Andean food crops can

　　be cultivated below 3,000 feet, only

　　20 percent reproduce readily above

　　9,000 feet. Given this unequal

　　(15) resource distribution, highland Incas

　　needed access to the products of

　　lower, warmer climatic zones in order

　　to enlarge the variety and quantity of

　　their foodstuffs. In most of the prein-

　　(20) dustrial world, the problem of different

　　resource distribution was resolved by

　　long-distance trade networks over

　　which the end consumer exercised

　　little control. Although the peoples

　　(25) of the Andean highlands participated

　　in such networks, they relied primarily

　　on the maintenance of autonomous

　　production forces in as many ecological

　　zones as possible. The

　　(30) commodities produced in these

　　zones were extracted, processed,

　　and transported entirely by members

　　of a single group.提出问题及解决方案

　　This strategy of direct access

　　(35) to a maximum number of ecological

　　zones by a single group is called

　　vertical economy. Even today,

　　one can see Andean communities

　　maintaining use rights simultaneously

　　(40) to pasturelands above 12,000 feet, to

　　potato fields in basins over 9,000 feet,

　　and to plots of warm-land crops in

　　regions below 6,000 feet. This

　　strategy has two principal variations.

　　(45) The first is “compressed verticality,”

　　in which a single village resides in

　　a location that permits easy access

　　to closely located ecological zones.

　　Different crop zones or pasturelands

　　(50) are located within a few days walk of

　　the parent community. Community

　　members may reside temporarily

　　in one of the lower zones to manage

　　the extraction of products unavailable

　　(55) in the homeland. In the second variation,

　　called the “vertical archipelago,”

　　the village exploits resources in widely

　　dispersed locations, constituting a

　　series of independent production

　　(60) “islands.” In certain pre-Columbian

　　Inca societies, groups were sent from

　　the home territory to establish permanent

　　satellite communities or colonies

　　in distant tropical forests or coastal

　　(65) locations. There the colonists grew

　　crops and extracted products for their

　　own use and for transshipment back

　　to their high-altitude compatriots.

　　In contrast to the compressed

　　(70) verticality system, in this system,

　　commodities rather than people

　　circulated through the archipelago.具体介绍解决方案

　　问题解决

　　逻辑简图：

　　1P: 16C, Incas lived above 9000feet, whereas,.. unequal resources distribution… problem resolved by trade network exercised little control. Although, relied on primarily….

　　2P: strategy called vertical economy. Two principle variations: compressed verticality(temporarily); vertical archipelago(permanent).. In contrast to….

　　以上就是本期GMAT试题的所有内容，考生可以此为据并进行针对性的练习，逐步掌握GMAT阅读的解题规律及技巧，以达到迅速提高GMAT考试成绩的目的。 相关链接：

1.GMAT考试资料：GWD试题合集（二十）

2.GMAT考试资料：GWD试题合集（十九）

3.GMAT考试资料：GWD试题合集（十八）

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