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详解GMAT语法必备知识点:修饰语成分(2).

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  想要迅速提高GMAT语法成绩,考生就需要熟练掌握一些GMAT语法考试中必备的基础知识点,并在解题的过程中灵活运用。下面就来对修饰语在GMAT语法考试中的使用方法进行简单的归纳和总结,以供广大考生参考。

  三.介词短语:介词短语应紧跟被修饰对象

  在GMAT语法中,对于介词短语的考点主要就是介词短语的位置,介词短语的位置不同,其修饰对象也不同,其作状语或定语的语法功能也不同。

  1)位于句首,修饰主语或作全句状语;

  2)位于句尾或句中,则要看它前面的词是名词还是谓语,是名词则优先作定语,是谓语则优先作状语。作状语时,介词短语的位置一定要离谓语比较近,具体情况还要根据逻辑意思分析。

  例题:补充材料144

  The Forbidden City in Beijing, from which the emperors ruled by heavenly mandate, was a site which a commoner or foreigner could not enter without any permission, on pain of death.

  (C) which no commoner or foreigner could enter without permission,

  (D) which, without permission, neither commoner or foreigner could only enter,

  “without+名词”这一介词短语紧跟谓语,则作状语表条件(意为“如果没有”),修饰谓语。

  例题:(来源 Kaplan语法小测验)

  2. The principal has sought approval for her plan to grant promotions to only those seven-grade students proficient in reading without meeting with opposition.

  (C) reading, without the opposition of others

  (D) reading, and has not met with opposition

  “without+the opposition of others” 短语如果作状语,远离所要修饰的谓语,作状语或作定语作用不明,不好。

  补充材料124 Alaska regularly deposits some of its profits from the sale of oil into a special fund, with the intention to sustain the state’s economy after the exhaustion of its oil reserves.

  (A) fund, with the intention to sustain the state’s economy after the exhaustion of its oil reserves.

  (C) fund intended to sustain the state’s economy after oil reserves are exhausted.

  补充材料136 The labor agreement permits staff reductions through attrition with increased pension benits and a special early-retirement program for speeding it up.

  (A) attrition with increased pension benits and a special early-retirement program for speeding it up.

  (B) attrition and provides increased pension benits and a special early-retirement program to speed the attrition process.

  这类题在真题中的例题很多,如果发现介词短语所修饰的对象不合理,则应该改变介词短语的位置。

  补充材料:35,46,112,

  3)Despite, in spite of , because of, as a result of 等介词短语在句中作状语。

  4)独立主格结构位于句首或句尾作状语。

  例:He entered the room, with a book in his hand.

  OG86 Having the right hand and arm being crippled by a sniper’s bullet during the First World War, Horace Pippin, a Black American painter, worked by holding the brush in his right hand and guiding its movements with his lt(介词短语作状语).

  (A) Having the right hand and arm being crippled by a sniper’s bullet during the First World War

  (D) The right hand and arm being crippled by a sniper’s bullet during the First World War

  (E) His right hand and arm crippled by a sniper’s bullet during the First World War

  四.形容词短语:只能作定语

  位于句首,按照就近修饰原则,修饰主语;

  位于句中或句尾,作定语修饰前面的名词。

  注意:一般情况下,形容词短语前面加“,”,优先修饰之前名词词组的核心词。如果形容词短语前无“,”,则应修饰其紧接的名词。

  补充材料 389

  五.定语从句:作定语,修饰前面的名词

  非限定性定语从句,前面一定要有“,”与被修饰成分隔开。特别是“介词+连接代词”型非限制性定语从句。

  注意定语从句的连词使用。在GMAT中,which 只用来引导非限定性定语从句;That 引导限定性定语从句;Who/whom 引导修饰人的限定性或非限定性定语从句; where 引导的定语从句,被修饰词在定从中作状语,比较抽象的名词一般用in which引导的从句修饰。

  六.副词:修饰动作

  副词可以作状语修饰句子的谓语,也可以修饰一个动词词组或修饰一个作名词定语的形容词。GMAT考试中比较常见的考法是“adv+adj+N”或“adj1+adj2+N”的结构,一定要分清是两个形容词同时修饰名词,还是一个副词先修饰形容词,再修饰名词。

  OG:5,37,70,108,176,195,136

  补充材料:78,154,260,328,375,389, 436,445,

  以上对修饰语在GMAT语法考试中的常见使用方式和规律进行了较为详细的阐述,考生不妨以此为鉴,通过反复练习逐步掌握其在GMAT语法考试中的使用规律,从而在GMAT语法考试中发挥出更好的水平。相关链接

1.详解GMAT语法必备知识点:修饰语成分(1)

2.详解GMAT考试备考思路:入门阶段

3.GMAT考试 2月18日更新GMAT数学机经(六)

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