GMAT逻辑考试评论性推理模拟1.

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　　如何备战gmat逻辑考试才最有效，对于很多计划参加gmat考试的人来说，要想在gmat考试中获取高分成绩，就需要针对gmat考试的每一个部分做好备考准备，下面就来看看在gmat逻辑考试中的评论性推理模拟题作为训练使用。

　　Critical Reasoning

　　Critical reasoning questions appear in the Verbal section of the GMAT-exam.The Verbal section uses multiple—choice questions to measure your ability to read and comprehend written material，to reason and evaluate arguments，and to correct written material to conform to standard written English.Because the Verbal section includes content from a variety of topics.you may be generally familiar with some of the material;however, neither the passages nor the questions assume knowledge of the topics discussed.Critical reasoning questions are intermingled with reading comprehension and sentence correction questions throughout the Verbal section of the exam.

　　You will have 75 minutes to complete the Verbal section.or about 1 minutes to answer each question.Although critical reasoning questions are based on written passages，these passages are shorter than reading—comprehension passages.They tend to be 1ess than 100 words in 1en~th and generally are followed by one or two questions.For these questions，you will see a split computer screen.The written passage will remain visible as each question associated with that passage appears in turn on the screen.You will see only one question at a time.

　　Critical reasoning questions are designed to test the reasoning skills involved in(1)making arguments，(2)evaluating arguments，and(3)formulating or evaluating a plan of action.The materials on which questions are based are drawn from a variety of sources.The GMAT-test does not suppose any familiarity with the subject matter of those materials.

　　In these questions，you are to analyze the situation on which each question is based，and then select the answer choice that most appropriately answers the question.Begin by reading the passages carully, then read the five answer choices.If the correct answer is not immediately obvious to you，see whether you can eliminate some of the wrong answers.Reading the passage a second time may be helpful in illuminating subtleties that were not immediately evident.

　　Answering critical reasoning questions requires no specialized knowledge of any particular field;you don’t have to have knowledge of the terminology and conventions of formal logic.The sample critical reasoning questions in this chapter illustrate the variety of topics the exam may cove, the kinds of questions it may ask, and the level of analysis it requires.

　　The following pages describe what critical reasoning questions are designed to measure and present the directions that will precede questions of this type.Sample questions and explanations of the correct answers follow.

　　4.1 What is Measured

　　Critical reasoning questions are designed to provide one measure of your ability to reason fectively in the following areas：

　　Argument Construction

　　Questions in this category may ask you to recognize such things as the basic structure of an argument，properly drawn conclusions，underlying assumptions，well-supported explanatory hypotheses，or parallels between structurally similar arguments.

　　Argument Evaluation

　　These questions may ask you to analyze a given argument and to recognize such things as factors that would strengthen or weaken the given argument;reasoning errors committed in making that argument;or aspects of the method by which the argument proceeds.

　　Formulating and evaluating a plan of action

　　This type of question may ask you to recognize such things as the relative appropriateness，fectiveness，or ficiency of different plans of action;factors that would strengthen or weaken the prospects of success for a proposed plan of action;or assumptions underlying a proposed plan of action.

　　4.2 Test-Taking Strategies for Critical Reasoning Questions

　　1. Read very carully the set of statements on which a question is based.

　　Pay close attention to一

　　what is put forward as factual information;

　　what is not said but necessarily follows from what is said;

　　what is claimed to follow from facts that have been put forward;and

　　how well substantiated are any claims that a particular conclusion follows from the facts that have been put forward.

　　In reading the arguments，it is important to pay attention to the logical reasoning used;

　　the actual truth of statements portrayed as fact is not important.

　　2.Identify the conclusion.

　　The conclusion does not necessarily come at the end of the text;it may come somewhere in

　　the middle，or even at the beginning. Be alert to dues in the text that an argument follows logically from another statement or statements in the text.

　　3.Determine exactly what each question asks.

　　You might find it helpful to read the question first，bore reading the material on which it is based;don’t assume that you know what you will be asked about an argument.An argument may have obvious flaws，and one question may ask you to detect them.But another question may direct you to select t11e one answer choice that does NOT describe a flaw in the argument.

　　4.Read all the answer choices carully.

　　Do not assume that a given answer is the best without first reading all the choices.

　　4.3 The Directions

　　These are the directions you will see for critical reasoning questions when you take the GMAT-test. If you read them carully and understand them dearly bore going to sit for the exam，you will not need to spend too much time reviewing them when you are at the test center and the exam is under way.

　　For this question，select the best of the answer choices given.

　　4.4 Critical Reasoning Sample Questions

　　For these questions, select the best of the answer choices given

　　1. Which of the following best completes the passage below?

　　In a survey of job applicants，two-fifths admitted to being at least a little dishonest.However, the survey may underestimate the proportion of job applicants who are dishonest，because .

　　(A) some dishonest people taking the survey might have claimed on the survey to be honest

　　(B) some generally honest people taking the survey might have claimed on the survey to be dishonest

　　(D) some people who claimed on the survey to be dishonest may have been answering honestly

　　(E) some people who are not job applicants are probably at least a l吐le dishonest

澳际提示：

　　1.gmat逻辑考试模拟题二

　　2.gmat逻辑考试如何读想同步

　　3.gmat逻辑考试中的一些经验小结

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　　2.Increases in the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)in the human bloodstream lower bloodstream cholesterol levels by increasing the body，s capacity to rid itself of excess cholestero1.Levels of HDL in the bloodstream of some individuals are significantly increased by a program of regular exercise and weight reduction.

　　Which of the following can be correctly inferred from the statements above?

　　(A) Individuals who are underweight do not run any risk of developing high levels of cholesterol in the bloodstream.

　　(B) Individuals who do not exercise regularly have a high risk of developing high levels of cholesterol in the bloodstream late in lire.

　　(D) A program of regular exercise and weight reduction lowers cholesterol levels in the bloodstream of some individuals.

　　(E) Only regular exercise is necessary to decrease cholesterol levels in the bloodstream of individuals of average weight.

　　3. A cost—fective solution to the problem of airport congestion is to provide high-speed ground transportation between major cities lying 200 to 500 miles apart.The successful implementation of this plan would cost far less than expanding existing airports and would also reduce the number of airplanes clogging both airports and airways.

　　Which of the following，if true，could proponents of the plan above most appropriately cite as a piece of evidence for the soundness of their plan?

　　(A) An fective high-speed ground--transportation system would require major repairs to many highways and mass-transit improvements.

　　(B) One-half of all departing flights In the nation’s busiest airport head for a destination In a major city 225 miles away.

　　(D) Many new airports are being built in areas that are presently served by high-speed ground-transportation systems.

　　(E) A large proportion of air travelers are vacationers who are taking long-distance flights.

　　4. The price the government pays for standard weapons purchased from military contractors is determined by a pricing method called "historical costing"Historical costing allows contractors to protect their profits by adding a percentage increase，based on the current rate of inflation，to the previous year’s contractual price.

　　Which of the following statements，if true，is the best basis for a criticism of historical costing as an economically sound pricing method for military contracts?

　　(A) The government might continue to pay for past inficient use of funds.

　　(B) The rate of inflation has varied considerably over the past twenty years.

　　(D) Many taxpayers question the amount of money the government spends on military contracts.

　　(E) The pricing method based on historical costing might not encourage the development of innovative weapons.

　　5. Which of the following best completes the passage below? Established companies concentrate on dending what they already have.Consequently, they tend not to be innovative themselves and tend to underestimate the fects of the innovations of others.The clearest example of this densive strategy is the fact that .

　　(A) ballpoint pens and soft-tip markers have eliminated the traditional market for fountain pens，clearing the way for the marketing of fountain pens as luxury or prestige items

　　(B) a highly successful automobile was introduced by the same company that had earlier introduced a model that had been a dismal failure

　　(C) a once-successful manufacturer of slide rules reacted to the introduction of electronic calculators by trying to make better slide rules

　　(D) one of the first models of modern accounting machines，designed for use in the banking industry, was purchased by a public library as well as by banks

　　(E) the Inventor 0f a commonly used anesthetic did not intend the product to be used by dentists，who currently account for almost the entire market for that drug

　　6. Since the mayor’s publicity campaign for Greenville’s bus service began six months ago.morning automobile traffic into the midtown area of the city has decreased seven percent.During the same period，there has been an equivalent rise in the number of persons riding buses into the midtown area.Obviously, the mayor’s publicity campaign has convinced many people to leave their cars at home and ride the bus to work.

　　Which of the following，if true，casts the most serious doubt on the conclusion drawn above?

　　(A) Fares for all bus routes in Greenville have risen an average of five percent during the past six months.

　　(B) The mayor of Greenville rides the bus to City Hall in the city，s midtown area.

　　(C) Road reconstruction has greatly reduced the number of lanes available to commuters in major streets leading to the midtown area during the past six months.

　　(D) The number of buses entering the midtown area of Greenville during the morning hours is exactly the same now as it was one year ago.

　　(E) Surveys show that longtime bus riders are no more satisfied with the Greenville bus service than they were bore the mayor’s publicity campaign began.

　　7. A researcher discovered that people who have low levels of immune-system activity tend to score much lower on tests of mental health than do people with normal or high immune-system activity.The researcher concluded from this experiment that the immune system protects against mental illness as well as against physical disease.

　　The researcher’s conclusion depends on which of the following assumptions?

　　(A) High immune-system activity protects against mental illness better than normal immune-system activity does.

　　(B) Mental illness is similar to physical disease in its fects on body systems.

　　(D) Mental illness does not cause people’s immune-system activity to decrease.

　　(E) Psychological treatment of mental illness is not as fective as is medical treatment.

　　8. It is true that it is against international law to sell plutonium to countries that do not yet have nuclear weapons.But if United States companies do not do so，companies in other countries will.

　　Which of the following is most like the argument above in its logical structure?

　　(A) It is true that it is against the police department’s policy to negotiate with kidnappers.But if the police want to prevent loss of lire，they must negotiate in some cases.

　　(B) It is true that it is illegal to ruse to register for military service.But there is a long tradition in the United States of conscientious objection to serving in the armed forces.

　　(C) It is true that it is illegal for a government official to participate in a transaction in which there is an apparent conflict of interest.But if the facts are examined carully, it will clearly be seen that there was no actual conflict of interest in the dendant’s case.

　　(D) It is true that it is against the law to burglarize people’s homes.But someone else certainly would have burglarized that house if the dendant had not done so first.

　　(E) It is true that company policy forbids supervisors to fire employees without two written warnings. But there have been many supervisors who have disobeyed this policy.

澳际提示：

　　1.gmat逻辑考试模拟题二

　　2.gmat逻辑考试如何读想同步

　　3.gmat逻辑考试中的一些经验小结

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　　9. Extinction is a process that can depend on a variety of ecological，geographical，and physiological variables.These variables affect different species of organisms in different ways，and should，therore，yield a random pattern of extinctions.However, the fossil record shows that extinction occurs in a surprisingly dinite pattern，with many species vanishing at the same time.

　　Which of the following，if true，forms the best basis for at least a partial explanation of the patterned extinctions revealed by the fossil record?

　　(A) Major episodes of extinction can result from widespread environmental disturbances that affect numerous different species.

　　(B) Certain extinction episodes selectively affect organisms with particular sets of characteristics unique to their species.

　　(D) In geologically recent times，for which there is no fossil record.human intervention has changed the pattern of extinctions.

　　(E) Species that are widely dispersed are the least likely to become extinct.

　　10. Which of the following best completes the passage below?

　　At a recent conference on environmental threats to the North Sea，most participating countries favored uniform controls on the quality of fluents，whether or not specific environmental damage could be attributed to a particular source of fluent. What must，of course，be shown，in order to avoid excessively restrictive controls，is that .

　　(A) any uniform controls that are adopted are likely to be implemented without delay

　　(B) any substance to be made subject to controls can actually cause environmental damage

　　(D) all of any given pollutant that is to be controlled actually reaches the North Sea at present

　　(E) environmental damage already inflicted on the North Sea is reversible

　　11. Shelby Industries manufactures and sells the same gauges as Jones Industries.Employee wages account for forty percent of the cost of manufacturing gauges at both Shelby Industries and Jones Industries.Shelby Industries is seeking a competitive advantage over Jones Industries. Therore，to promote this end，Shelby Industries should lower employee wages.

　　Which of the following，if true，would most weaken the argument above?

　　(A) Because they make a small number of precision instruments，gauge manufacturers cannot receive volume discounts on raw materials.

　　(B) Lowering wages would reduce the quality of employee work，and this reduced quality would lead to lowered sales.

　　(D) Shelby Industries pays its employees，on average，ten percent more than does Jones Industries.

　　(E) Many people who work for manufacturing plants live in areas in which the manufacturing plant they work for is the only industry.

　　12. Large national budget dicits do not cause large trade dicits.If they did，countries with the largest budget dicits would also have the largest trade dicits.In fact，when dicit figures are adjusted so that different countries are reliably comparable to each other, there is no such correlation.

　　If the statements above are all true, which of the following can properly be inferred on the basis of them?

　　(A) Countries with large national budget dicits tend to restrict foreign trade.

　　(B) Reliable comparisons of the dicit figures of one country with those of another are impossible.

　　(C) Reducing a country’s national budget dicit will not necessarily result in a lowering of any trade dicit that country may have.

　　(D) When countries are ordered from largest to smallest in terms of population，the smallest countries generally have the smallest budget and trade dicits.

　　(E) Countries with the largest trade dicits never have similarly large national budget dicits.

　　13. A famous singer recently won a lawsuit against an advertising firm for using another singer in a commercial to evoke the famous singer’s well-known rendition of a certain song。As a result of the lawsuit，advertising firms will stop using imitators in commercials.Therore，advertising costs will rise，since famous singers’ services cost more than those of their imitators.

　　The conclusion above is based on which of the following assumptions?

　　(A) Most people are unable to distinguish a famous singer’s rendition of a song from a good imitator’s rendition of the same song.

　　(B) Commercials using famous singers are usually more fective than commercials using imitators of famous singers.

　　(D) Advertising firms will continue to use imitators to mimic the physical mannerisms of famous singers.

　　The advertising industry will use well-known renditions of songs in commercials.

澳际提示：

　　1.gmat逻辑考试模拟题二

　　2.gmat逻辑考试如何读想同步

　　3.gmat逻辑考试中的一些经验小结

想要获得更多咨询服务点击进入>>>>澳际免费咨询顾问或联系QQ客服：，也可以通过评论处留言，把您最关心的问题告诉我们。

　　14.The sustained massive use of pesticides in farming has two fects that are especially pernicious.First, it often kills off the pests’ natural enemies in the area.Second，it often unintentionally gives rise to insecticide-resistant pests，since those insects that survive a particular insecticide will be the ones most resistant to it，and they are the ones lt to breed.

　　From the passage above，it can be properly inferred that the fectiveness of the sustained massive use of pesticides can be extended by doing which of the following，assuming that each is a realistic possibility?

　　(A) Using only chemically stable insecticides

　　(B) Periodically switching the type of insecticide used

　　(D) Leaving a few fields fallow every year

　　(E) Breeding higher-yielding varieties of crop plants

　　15. Treatment for hypertension forestalls certain medical expenses by preventing strokes and heart disease.Yet any money so saved amounts to only one—fourth of the expenditures required to treat the hypertensive population.Therore，there is no economic 1ustification for preventive treatment for hypertension.

　　Which of the following，if true，is most damaging to the conclusion above?

　　(A) The many fatal strokes and heart attacks resulting from untreated hypertension cause insignificant medical expenditures but large economic losses of other sorts.

　　(B) The cost，per patient，of preventive treatment for hypertension would remain constant even if such treatment were instituted on a large scale.

　　(D) Effective prevention presupposes early diagnosis，and programs to ensure early diagnosis are costly.

　　(E) The net savings in medical resources achieved by some preventive health measures are smaller than the net losses attributable to certain other measures of this kind.

　　16. In an attempt to promote the widespread use of paper rather than plastic，and thus reduce non-biodegradable waste，the council of a small town plans to ban the sale of disposable plastic goods for which substitutes made of paper exist.The council argues that since most paper is entirely biodegradable，paper goods are environmentally prerable.

　　Which of the following，if true，indicates that the plan to ban the sale of disposable plastic goods is suited to the town council’s environmental goals?

　　(A) Although biodegradable plastic goods are now available，members of the town council believe biodegradable paper goods to be safer for the environment.

　　(B) The paper factory at which most of the townspeople are employed plans to increase production of biodegradable paper goods.

　　(C) After other towns enacted similar bans on the sale of plastic goods，the environmental benits were not discernible for several years.

　　(D) Since most townspeople prer plastic goods to paper goods in many instances，they are likely to purchase them in neighboring towns where plastic goods are available for sale.

　　(E) Products other than those derived from wood pulp are often used in the manufacture of paper goods that are entirely biodegradable.

　　17. Since the deregulation of airlines，delays at the nation’s increasingly busy airports have increased by 25 percent.To combat this problem，more of the takeoff and landing slots at the busiest airports must be allocated to commercial airlines.

　　Which of the following，if true，casts the most doubt on the fectiveness of the solution proposed above?

　　(A) The major causes of delays at the nation’s busiest airports are bad weather and overtaxed air traffic control equipment.

　　(B) Since airline deregulation began，the number of airplanes in operation has increased by 25 percent.

　　(C) Over 60 percent of the takeoff and landing slots at the nation’s busiest airports are reserved for commercial airlines.

　　(D) After a small Midwestern airport doubled its allocation of takeoff and landing slots，the number of delays that were reported decreased by 50 percent.

　　(E) Since deregulation the average length of delay at the nation’s busiest airports has doubled.

　　18. Unlike the wholesale price of raw wool，the wholesale price of raw cotton has fallen considerably in the last yean Thus，although the retail price of cotton clothing at retail clothing stores has not yet fallen，it will inevitably fall.

　　Which of the following，if true，most seriously weakens the argument above?

　　(A) The cost of processing raw cotton for cloth has increased during the last year.

　　(B) The wholesale price of raw wool is typically higher than that of the same volume of raw cotton.

　　(D) Changes in retail prices always lag behind changes in wholesale prices.

　　(E) The cost of harvesting raw cotton has increased in the last year

　　通过上面对gmat逻辑考试中需要使用的一些模拟训练题的分享，相信对于很多计划参加gmat考试的人来说，可以根据自己的需要安排时间来进行gmat逻辑考试中的评论性推理训练。

　　澳际提示：

　　1.gmat逻辑考试模拟题二

　　2.gmat逻辑考试如何读想同步

　　3.gmat逻辑考试中的一些经验小结

想要获得更多咨询服务点击进入>>>>澳际免费咨询顾问或联系QQ客服：，也可以通过评论处留言，把您最关心的问题告诉我们。

GMAT逻辑考试评论性推理模拟1gmat逻辑训练gmat逻辑训练gmat逻辑训练

　　Critical Reasoning

　　4.1 What is Measured

　　Critical reasoning questions are designed to provide one measure of your ability to reason fectively in the following areas：

　　Argument Construction

　　Argument Evaluation

　　Formulating and evaluating a plan of action

　　4.2 Test-Taking Strategies for Critical Reasoning Questions

　　1. Read very carully the set of statements on which a question is based.

　　Pay close attention to一

　　what is put forward as factual information;

　　what is not said but necessarily follows from what is said;

　　what is claimed to follow from facts that have been put forward;and

　　how well substantiated are any claims that a particular conclusion follows from the facts that have been put forward.

　　In reading the arguments，it is important to pay attention to the logical reasoning used;

　　the actual truth of statements portrayed as fact is not important.

　　2.Identify the conclusion.

　　The conclusion does not necessarily come at the end of the text;it may come somewhere in

　　the middle，or even at the beginning. Be alert to dues in the text that an argument follows logically from another statement or statements in the text.

　　3.Determine exactly what each question asks.

　　4.Read all the answer choices carully.

　　Do not assume that a given answer is the best without first reading all the choices.

　　4.3 The Directions

　　For this question，select the best of the answer choices given.

　　4.4 Critical Reasoning Sample Questions

　　For these questions, select the best of the answer choices given

　　1. Which of the following best completes the passage below?

　　In a survey of job applicants，two-fifths admitted to being at least a little dishonest.However, the survey may underestimate the proportion of job applicants who are dishonest，because .

　　(A) some dishonest people taking the survey might have claimed on the survey to be honest

　　(B) some generally honest people taking the survey might have claimed on the survey to be dishonest

　　(D) some people who claimed on the survey to be dishonest may have been answering honestly

　　(E) some people who are not job applicants are probably at least a l吐le dishonest

澳际提示：

　　1.gmat逻辑考试模拟题二

　　2.gmat逻辑考试如何读想同步

　　3.gmat逻辑考试中的一些经验小结

想要获得更多咨询服务点击进入>>>>澳际免费咨询顾问或联系QQ客服：，也可以通过评论处留言，把您最关心的问题告诉我们。

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