GMAT逻辑基本知识Parallel reasoning.

　　作为入门GMAT逻辑的基本知识，这是考生第一步要牢牢掌握的，不了解这些入门级知识量，后期无法很好地学会GMAT逻辑。下面就由澳际小编为大家讲解GMAT逻辑基本知识第一课：Parallel reasoning。

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　　Parallel reasoning

　　Prompt for parallel reasoning:

　　• Which one of the following is most closely parallel in its reasoning to the reasoning in the argument above?

　　• Which one of the following arguments is most similar in its patterns of reasoning to the argument above?

　　Bore you look at the answers:

　　1. Pinpoint the main conclusion in the passage. (Read my previous Main Point post.)

　　2. Separate the premises from everything else. After you find the main point, don’t assume that all the other statements are premises; they might include opposing viewpoints, background information, and concessions.

　　3. Note how the different concepts link together and how often each concept appears. In the sentence that “Harrison is unlikely to compete, unless Jones competes as well,” for example, unless links these two clauses together while compete appears twice: “A is unlikely to B unless C does B.” The correct answer will do something similar.

　　Then look for the answer that most closely matches the logical pattern you notices.

　　• Compare the conclusion in the passage with the conclusions in the answer choices. Once you narrow down the answers; compare the premises.

　　• Difference that do NOT matter between the passage and the correct answer choice:

　　# Subject matter (passage is about monkeys; correct answer is about phones)

　　# Order (passage gives the conclusion first; correct answer gives the conclusion last)

　　# Form (passage says “A unless B”; correct answer says “If not B, then A”)

　　• Difference that matters:

　　# Word strength (passage uses most; wrong answer uses all or some)

　　# Negative vs. positive (passage uses “B and not B”; wrong answer uses “B and B”)

　　If the conclusion in the passage is negative, the conclusion in the correct answer does not have to be negative. But watch for answers that incorrectly introduce negative terms. In the Harrison example above, for instance, an answer that says “Joey is unlikely to cook hot dogs, unless Micah does not cook hot dogs” would be wrong because it went from “B” to “not B,” while our original example went from “B” to “B.” Going from “not B” to “B,” on the other hand, would be fine.

　　# Conditional statement (passage says “If A, then B”; wrong answer says just “B”)

　　# Causal statement (passage says “A causes B”; wrong answer says just “B”)

　　# Verb choice (passage uses can; wrong answer uses will)

　　Can—what can happen

　　Will—what will actually happen

　　Must—what is required, but not necessarily happening

　　Cause—what makes things happen

　　1. Zhonghua has proposed 3-year term limits for members of the party committee, many of whom have occupied their spots for over a decade. But an examination of Zhonghua’ record shows that he has held his seat on the party committee for nearly 13 years; so Zhonghua’ proposal does not deserve our consideration.The flawed reasoning in the argument above is most similar to the flawed reasoning in which one of the following?

　　(A) Ignore Ming’s proposed ordinance to provide tax credits to local business owners; Ming owns a local business.

　　(B) Do not give serious consideration to Gang’s proposal to eliminate tax deductions for property owners; he owns two homes in the community.

　　(C) We cannot trust this surgeon general’s health recommendations; he has been found guilty of both malpractice and corruption.

　　(D) Fang’s proposal to select a certain legal firm can be given no credence; Fang’s cousin is a partner at that firm.

　　(E) We can have little confidence in Mr. Zhang’s comments on the management of our steel plant; after all, Mr. Zhang has previously managed only banks and mini-marts.

　　2. An independent audit found no indication of tax avoidance on the part of the firm in the firm&aposs accounts; therore no such problem exists.

　　The questionable reasoning in the argument above is most closelyparalleled by that in which one of the following?

　　仅仅掌握GMAT逻辑考试的入门知识是远远不够的，但同时只有打好这入门的基础，才有可能理解和战胜GMAT逻辑考试的高难度，考生可根据澳际小编总结的GMAT逻辑基本知识来进行基础学习，祝每一位考友都能取得优异的成绩!