GMAT作文专家答疑.

　　GMAT作文在GMAT考试中占有不可替代的重要位置，如果两名学生GMAT分数相同，那么GMAT作文分数就是决定考生能否被录取的决定性因素，所以不要忽视作文，提高作文水平也许就是你迈入商学院重要砝码。

　　一、GMAT作文评分标准

　　想要在GMAT作文考试中拿到好的成绩，不仅需要考生具备过硬的英语基础和写作技巧，还要在一定程度上了解GMAT写作考试的评分标准，以便在考试时能够有的放矢，抓住重点，成功获得高分。

　　GMAT写作六分(outstanding)：对事件的复杂性的分析清楚有力;熟练驾驭有效写作的要素。

　　A、在就某事件展开分析和阐述自己观点时摆出有洞察力的原因和或有说服力的事例。

　　B、结构清晰。

　　C、对于语言(包括用词和句法多样性)有很好的掌握。

　　D、文章完全符合标准书面英语规范?(括语法、用法和拼写规则)但可能会有小错误。

　　GMAT写作五分(strong)：对事件的复杂性有充分的分析;很好地掌握了有效写作的要素。

　　A、阐述观点时能运用恰当有力的理由/或事例。

　　B、结构较清晰。

　　C、对于语言(包括用词和句法多样性)有良好的掌握。

　　D、较好的掌握标准书面英语规范(包括语法、用法和拼写规则)，但可能会有小错误。

　　GMAT写作四分(adequate)：对事件的复杂性有一定的分析;对写作的要素有一定的掌握。

　　A、阐述观点时能举出与事件相关的理由/或事例。

　　B、结构基本合理。

　　C、对于语言(包括用词和句法)有一定的掌握，但句法缺乏多样性。

　　D、对于标准书面英语的规范有一定掌握，但有一些错误。

　　GMAT写作三分(limited)：对事件的复杂性有一定的分析;对写作的要素有一定的掌握，但有明显缺陷，一般具备下列特征中的一项或几项：

　　A、观点模糊或不充分。

　　B、结构松散。

　　C、不善于举出与议题相关的理由或事例。

　　D、语言不准确且/或句子缺乏多样性。

　　E、在语法、用法或拼写上偶有错误或常有小错误。

　　GMAT写作二分(seriously flawed)：在分析性写作技巧上表现出严重缺陷，一般具备下列特征中的一项或几项：

　　A、观点不明确或未能充分展开。

　　B、毫无结构可言。

　　C、缺乏相关的理由或事例。

　　D、在语言运用或句子结构上经常出现严重错误。

　　E、在语法、用法或拼写上错误很多，影响文章表达。

　　GMAT写作一分(fundamentally dicient)：在分析性写作技巧上有根本缺陷，一般具备下列特征中的一项或几项：

　　A、无法完整地叙述问题。

　　B、在语言和句子结构上不断有严重错误。

　　C、在语法、用法或拼写上有大量错误，严重影响文章表达。

　　GMAT写作零分：跑题、非英语写作、重抄原题等。

　　GMAT写作NR：白卷。

　　了解GMAT作文考试的评分标准，对考生备考GMAT作文有相当的参考作用。考生可大致根据评分规则，补强自己在GMAT作文的短板，从而在GMAT作文考试中发挥出更好的水平。

　　二、GMAT作文在写作过程中会遇到哪些难点

　　下面将通过几个实例，来对GMAT作文容易发生的几种错误进行归纳总结，以供正在备考GMAT作文的同学进行参考。

　　GMAT作文难点之一：无因果联系

　　The author commits a fallacy of causal oversimplification. The line of the reasoning is that because A occurred bore B, the former event is responsible for the latter. (The author uses the positive correlation between A and B to establish causality. However, the fact that A coincides with B does not necessarily prove that A caused B.) But this is fallacious reasoning unless other possible causal explanations have been considered and ruled out. For example, perhaps C is the cause of these events or perhaps B is caused by D.

　　GMAT作文难点之二：样本不足 Insufficient-sample

　　The evidence the author provides is insufficient to support the conclusion drawn from it. One example is logically unsounded to establish a general conclusion (The statistics from only a few recent years are not necessarily a good indicator of future trends), unless it can be shown that A1 is representative of all A. It is possible that.... In fact, in face of such limited evidence, the conclusion that B is completely unwarranted.

　　GMAT作文难点之三：错误类比 (based on a false analogy)

　　The argument rests on the assumption that A is analogous to B in all respects. This assumption is weak, since although there are points of comparison between A and B, there are much dissimilarity as well. For example, A..., however, B.... Thus, it is likely much more difficult for B to do....

　　GMAT作文难点之四：时地全等 all things are equal

　　The author commits the fallacy of "all things are equal". The fact that happened two years ago is not a sound evidence to draw a conclusion that.... The author assumes without justification that the background conditions have remained the same at different times or at different locations. However, it is not clear in this argument whether the current conditions at AA are the same as they used to be two years ago. Thus it is impossible to conclude that....

　　GMAT作文难点之五： 二者择一 Either-Or choice

　　The author assumes that AA and BB are mutually exclusive alternatives and there is no room for a middle ground. However, the author provides no reason for imposing an either-or choice. Common sense tells us that adjusting both AA and BB might produce better results.

　　GMAT作文难点之六： 可疑调查 survey is doubtful

　　The poll cited by the author is too vague to be informative. The claim does not indicate who conducted the poll, who responded, or when, where and how the poll was conducted. (Lacking information about the number of people surveyed and the number of respondents, it is impossible to access the validity of the results. For example, if 200 persons were surveyed but only 2 responded, the conclusion that...would be highly suspect. Because the argument offers no evidence that would rule out this kind of interpretations,) until these questions are answered, the results of the survey are worthless as evidence for the conclusion.

　　GMAT作文难点之七： 结论无据 gratuitous assumption

　　The author falsely depends on gratuitous assumption that.... However, no evidence is stated in the argument to support this assumption. In fact, this is not necessarily the case. For example, it is more likely that.... Therore, this argument is unwarranted without ruling out such possibility.

　　以上七种GMAT作文难点是考生在GMAT写作考试中比较容易发生的错误，考生可以据此参考，找出自己在GMAT写作中发生错误的原因，从而提高GMAT写作的考试成绩。