GMAT阅读相关文章及问题（九）.

　　要想在GMAT考试中取得高分，GMAT的各个部分都要精通，要想在GMAT阅读部分获得高分，考生就需要多练习，不仅要提高阅读的速度也要提高理解能力。为了使大家有更多的文章进行练习，澳际留学小编在此为大家提供一系列的文章以及问题，希望能够同学们备考GMAT阅读考试带来帮助。红色字体的选项为正确答案。更多相关问题可咨询澳际留学在线专家，如果有任何意见和建议，也请联系我们。

Most economists in the United States seem captivated by the spell of the free market. Consequently, nothing seems good or normal that does not accord with the requirements of the free market. A price that is determined by the seller or, for that matter, established by anyone other than the aggregate of consumers seems pernicious. Accordingly, it requires a major act of will to think of price-fixing (the determination of prices by the seller) as both “normal” and having a valuable economic function. In fact, price-fixing is normal in all industrialized societies because the industrial system itself provides, as an fortless consequence of its own development, the price-fixing that it requires. Modern industrial planning requires and rewards great size. Hence, a comparatively small number of large firms will be competing for the same group of consumers. That each large firm will act with consideration of its own needs and thus avoid selling its products for more than its competitors charge is commonly recognized by advocates of free-market economic theories. But each large firm will also act with full consideration of the needs that it has in common with the other large firms competing for the same customers. Each large firm will thus avoid significant price-cutting, because price-cutting would be prejudicial to the common interest in a stable demand for products. Most economists do not see price-fixing when it occurs because they expect it to be brought about by a number of explicit agreements among large firms; it is not.

　　Moreover, those economists who argue that allowing the free market to operate without interference is the most ficient method of establishing prices have not considered the economies of non-socialist countries other than the United states. These economies employ intentional price-fixing, usually in an overt fashion. Formal price-fixing by cartel and informal price-fixing by agreements covering the members of an industry are commonplace. Were there something peculiarly ficient about the free market and inficient about price-fixing, the countries that have avoided the first and used the second would have suffered drastically in their economic development. There is no indication that they have.

　　Socialist industry also works within a framework of controlled prices. In the early 1970’s, the Soviet Union began to give firms and industries some of the flexibility in adjusting prices that a more informal evolution has accorded the capitalist system. Economists in the United States have hailed the change as a return to the free market. But Soviet firms are no more subject to prices established by a free market over which they exercise little influence than are capitalist firms; rather, Soviet firms have been given the power to fix prices.

出国留学办理签证是必不可少的，而办理签证的过程亦难易简，从政策解析到递交材料，从申请签证到领取签证!《玩转留学签证》帮你顺利拿下各国签证！更有名校师哥师姐为你讲解牛校申请经验，《谁说申请高手没有秘密》赶紧来探秘一下吧！

问题：

　　1. The primary purpose of the passage is to

　　(A) rute the theory that the free market plays a usul role in the development of industrialized societies

　　(B) suggest methods by which economists and members of the government of the United States can recognize and combat price-fixing by large firms

　　(C) show that in industrialized societies price-fixing and the operation of the free market are not only compatible but also mutually benicial

　　(D) explain the various ways in which industrialized societies can fix prices in order to stabilize the free market

　　(E) argue that price-fixing, in one form or another, is an inevitable part of and benit to the economy of any industrialized society

　　2. The passage provides information that would answer which of the following questions about price-fixing?

　　I. What are some of the ways in which prices can be fixed?

　　II. For what products is price-fixing likely to be more profitable that the operation of the free market?

　　III. Is price-fixing more common in socialist industrialized societies or in non-socialist industrialized societies?

　　(A) I only

　　(B) III only

　　(C) I and II only

　　(D) II and III only

　　(E) I, II, and III

　　3. The author’s attitude toward “Most economists in the United States”(line 1) can best be described as

　　(A) spitul and envious

　　(B) scornful and denunciatory

　　(C) critical and condescending

　　(D) ambivalent but derential

　　(E) uncertain but interested

　　4. It can be inferred from the author’s argument that a price fixed by the seller “seems pernicious” (line 6) because

　　(A) people do not have confidence in large firms

　　(B) people do not expect the government to regulate prices

　　(C) most economists believe that consumers as a group should determine prices

　　(D) most economists associate fixed prices with communist and socialist economies

　　(E) most economists believe that no one group should determine prices

　　5. The suggestion in the passage that price-fixing in industrialized societies is normal arises from the author’s statement that price-fixing is

　　(A) a profitable result of economic development

　　(B) an inevitable result of the industrial system

　　(C) the result of a number of carully organized decisions

　　(D) a phenomenon common to industrialized and non-industrialized societies

　　(E) a phenomenon best achieved cooperatively by government and industry

　　6. According to the author, price-fixing in non-socialist countries is often

　　(A) accidental but productive

　　(B) illegal but usul

　　(C) legal and innovative

　　(D) traditional and rigid

　　(E) intentional and widespread

　　7. According to the author, what is the result of the Soviet Union’s change in economic policy in the 1970’s?

　　(A) Soviet firms show greater profit.

　　(B) Soviet firms have less control over the free market.

　　(C) Soviet firms are able to adjust to technological advances.

　　(D) Soviet firms have some authority to fix prices.

　　(E) Soviet firms are more responsive to the free market.

　　8. With which of the following statements regarding the behavior of large firms in industrialized societies would the author be most likely to agree?

　　(A) The directors of large firms will continue to anticipate the demand for products.

　　(B) The directors of large firms are less interested in achieving a predictable level of profit than in achieving a large profit.

　　(C) The directors of large firms will strive to reduce the costs of their products.

　　(D) Many directors of large firms believe that the government should establish the prices that will be charged for products.

　　(E) Many directors of large firms believe that the price charged for products is likely to increase annually.

　　9. In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with

　　(A) predicting the consequences of a practice

　　(B) criticizing a point of view

　　(C) calling attention to recent discoveries

　　(D) proposing a topic for research

　　(E) summarizing conflicting opinions

以上文章就是澳际留学小编为大家提供的GMAT阅读练习文章，考GMAT本来就是一场毅力战，大家一定要坚持住呀！澳际留学在此祝大家早日通过GMAT考试，并进入自己心仪的大学学习。

　相关链接：

1.GMAT阅读：找到作者的意图

2.一战GMAT740分考生阅读经验分享

3.GMAT阅读题型分类

　　要想在GMAT考试中取得高分，GMAT的各个部分都要精通，要想在GMAT阅读部分获得高分，考生就需要多练习，不仅要提高阅读的速度也要提高理解能力。为了使大家有更多的文章进行练习，澳际留学小编在此为大家提供一系列的文章以及问题，希望能够同学们备考GMAT阅读考试带来帮助。红色字体的选项为正确答案。更多相关问题可咨询澳际留学在线专家，如果有任何意见和建议，也请联系我们。

Most economists in the United States seem captivated by the spell of the free market. Consequently, nothing seems good or normal that does not accord with the requirements of the free market. A price that is determined by the seller or, for that matter, established by anyone other than the aggregate of consumers seems pernicious. Accordingly, it requires a major act of will to think of price-fixing (the determination of prices by the seller) as both “normal” and having a valuable economic function. In fact, price-fixing is normal in all industrialized societies because the industrial system itself provides, as an fortless consequence of its own development, the price-fixing that it requires. Modern industrial planning requires and rewards great size. Hence, a comparatively small number of large firms will be competing for the same group of consumers. That each large firm will act with consideration of its own needs and thus avoid selling its products for more than its competitors charge is commonly recognized by advocates of free-market economic theories. But each large firm will also act with full consideration of the needs that it has in common with the other large firms competing for the same customers. Each large firm will thus avoid significant price-cutting, because price-cutting would be prejudicial to the common interest in a stable demand for products. Most economists do not see price-fixing when it occurs because they expect it to be brought about by a number of explicit agreements among large firms; it is not.

　　Moreover, those economists who argue that allowing the free market to operate without interference is the most ficient method of establishing prices have not considered the economies of non-socialist countries other than the United states. These economies employ intentional price-fixing, usually in an overt fashion. Formal price-fixing by cartel and informal price-fixing by agreements covering the members of an industry are commonplace. Were there something peculiarly ficient about the free market and inficient about price-fixing, the countries that have avoided the first and used the second would have suffered drastically in their economic development. There is no indication that they have.

　　Socialist industry also works within a framework of controlled prices. In the early 1970’s, the Soviet Union began to give firms and industries some of the flexibility in adjusting prices that a more informal evolution has accorded the capitalist system. Economists in the United States have hailed the change as a return to the free market. But Soviet firms are no more subject to prices established by a free market over which they exercise little influence than are capitalist firms; rather, Soviet firms have been given the power to fix prices.

出国留学办理签证是必不可少的，而办理签证的过程亦难易简，从政策解析到递交材料，从申请签证到领取签证!《玩转留学签证》帮你顺利拿下各国签证！更有名校师哥师姐为你讲解牛校申请经验，《谁说申请高手没有秘密》赶紧来探秘一下吧！

问题：

　　1. The primary purpose of the passage is to

　　(A) rute the theory that the free market plays a usul role in the development of industrialized societies

　　(B) suggest methods by which economists and members of the government of the United States can recognize and combat price-fixing by large firms

　　(C) show that in industrialized societies price-fixing and the operation of the free market are not only compatible but also mutually benicial

　　(D) explain the various ways in which industrialized societies can fix prices in order to stabilize the free market

　　(E) argue that price-fixing, in one form or another, is an inevitable part of and benit to the economy of any industrialized society

　　2. The passage provides information that would answer which of the following questions about price-fixing?

　　I. What are some of the ways in which prices can be fixed?

　　II. For what products is price-fixing likely to be more profitable that the operation of the free market?

　　III. Is price-fixing more common in socialist industrialized societies or in non-socialist industrialized societies?

　　(A) I only

　　(B) III only

　　(C) I and II only

　　(D) II and III only

　　(E) I, II, and III

　　3. The author’s attitude toward “Most economists in the United States”(line 1) can best be described as

　　(A) spitul and envious

　　(B) scornful and denunciatory

　　(C) critical and condescending

　　(D) ambivalent but derential

　　(E) uncertain but interested

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