攻克GMAT语法改错：灵活运用原则.

　　GMAT对语法改错的考查早已超过语言知识本身，具有很强的综合性和很大的迷惑性。而其又具有自身固定的原则，由于考查范围广、出错点多、原则多样化。如何把死原则来灵活处理运用是我们提高的关键，下面通过几个例子深入体会一下。

　　1. Dr. Hakuta&aposs research among Hispanic children in theUnited Statesindicates that the more the children use both Spanish and English，their intellectual advantage is greater in skills underlying reading ability and nonverbal logic.

　　(A)their intellectual advantage is greater in skills underlying reading ability and nonverbal logic

　　(B)their intellectual advantage is the greater in skills underlaying reading ability and nonverbal logic

　　(C)the greater their intellectual advantage in skills underlying reading ability and nonverbal logic

　　(D)in skills that underlay reading ability and nonver bal logic, their intellectual advantage is the greater

　　(E) in skills underlying reading ability and nonverbal logic, the greater intellectual advantage is theirs

　　菜鸟语法手册上给出了比较长的解释，如下：The best choice is C. The phrasethe more the childrenshould be completed by a parallel phrase that begins with a compara tive adjective and a noun phrase, as inthe greater their... advantage.Only C correctly completes the structure with a parallel phrase. Choices A. B, D, and E present structures that are unwieldy and awkward in addition to being nonparallel, and that state the relationship between language use and skills development less clearly than C does. Also,underlayingin B andunderlayin D are incorrect; the meaning of this sentence requires the present participle of "underlie,"underlying,as a modifier ofskills.

　　其实本题不需要分析那么多，只要知道the more…the…的结构形式就能直接确定，因为这是一个主要因素。

　　2.Unlike the acid smoke of cigarettes, pipe tobacco, cured by age-old methods, yields an alkaline smoketoo irritating to be drawn into the lungs.

　　(A) Unlike the acid smoke of cigarettes, pipe tobacco, cured by age-old methods, yields an alkaline smoke

　　(B) Unlike the acid smoke of cigarettes, pipe tobacco is cured by age-old methods, yielding an alkaline smoke

　　(C)Unlike cigarette tobacco, which yields an acid smoke, pipe tobacco, cured by age-old methods, yields an alkaline smoke

　　(D) Differing from cigarettes’ acid smoke, pipe tobacco’s alkaline smoke, cured by age-old methods, is

　　(E) The alkaline smoke of pipe tobacco differs from cigarettes’ acid smoke in that it is cured by age-old methods and is

　　解答本题时首先排除的是D答案，因为differ from不能用在句首。本题的正确答案为C，但是很多考生的目光都是在C上暂作停留就转向其他选项了。原因是C中连用了两个yield，这样的句子毫无美感可言，缺乏变化。可是千万别忘记考虑到句子重心问题，其他几个答案都是把句子重心搞错了，smoke和cigarette对应有误，这可是大禁忌，比起这个错误来，用词重复还算得了什么呢?

　　3. Acid rain and snow result from the chemical reactions between industrial emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxideswith atmospheric water vapor to produce highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids.

　　(A)with atmospheric water vapor to produce highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids

　　(B)with atmospheric water vapor producing highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids

　　(C)and atmospheric water vapor which has produced highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids

　　(D)and atmospheric water vapor which have produced sulfuric and nitric acids which are highly corrosive

　　(E)and atmospheric water vapor to produce highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids

　　这道题目的考查对象为between…and…这一常见的固定搭配，用来连接两个名词或名词短语，本题对考生的干扰主要在于sulfur dioxide和nitrogen oxides中间已经出现了一个and，有些考生就想到GMAT语法要求句子简明，那么连用and肯定不合适，首先将C，D和E排除掉了。但是如果用with，整句话逻辑关系不通，这个错误当然要比用词重复严重得多，相比之下还是选择使语意合乎逻辑的选项，正确答案为E。我们不选C和D的理由并不是由于句子不简洁，而是其逻辑关系有误。

　　下面这道题目请考生自己按照上面所提到的思路去分析，不难得出正确答案为D。

　　4. Lacking information about energy use, people tend to overestimate the amount of energy used byequipment, such as lights, that are visible and must be turned on and off and underestimate thatused by unobtrusive equipment, such as water heaters.

　　(A)equipment, such as lights, that are visible and must be turned on and off and underestimate that

　　(B)equipment, such as lights, that are visible and must be turned on and off and underestimate it when

　　(C)equipment, such as lights, that is visible and must be turned on and off and underestimate it when

　　(D)visible equipment, such as lights, that must be turned on and off and underestimate that

　　(E) visible equipment, such as lights, that must be turned on and off and underestimate it when

　　虽然语法改错部分看起来容易把握，但在实际解题过程中，考生经常顾此失彼，在几个选项间徘徊犹豫半天依然难以确定最终答案。GMAT语法改错的难度一方面来自题干，另一方面来自选项，因为我们要依靠选项之间的差别来获得信息、寻求提示，其实这就反映了GMAT语法改错答案的特点，也就是需要我们善于运用排除法，挑选出相对准确而有效的那一个。