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答案详细解析：
1. Humans have been damaging the environment for centuries by overcutting trees and farming too intensively, and though some protective measures, like the establishment of national forests and wildlife sanctuaries, having been taken decades ago, great increases in population and in the intensity of industrialization are causing a worldwide ecological crisis.
A) though some protective measures, like the establishment of national forests and wildlife sanctuaries, having been taken decades ago, great increases in population
B) though some protective measures, such as establishing national forests and wildlife sanctuaries, having been taken decades ago, great population increases
C) though some protective measures, such as the establishment of national forests and wildlife sanctuaries, were taken decades ago, great increases in population
D) with some protective measures, like establishing national forests and wildlife sanctuaries that were taken decades ago, great increases in population
E) with some protective measures, such as the establishment of national forests and wildlife sanctuaries, having been taken decades ago, great population increases
解析 ：首先从句子架构入手，原文是典型并列句，从“，and”之前就不用看了，只看后面的句，而从A选项发现后面的句子是复合句，架构应该为though+SVO, SVO. 但是我们的A，B选项中though引导的从句都没有谓语动词，从句不完整（因为having been taken 是非谓语动词）。
而DE选项没有从句直接用介宾结构放在句首做状语，这时候就得需要考察逻辑主语，with some protective measures，逻辑主语应该是人，而不是great increases，因为采取一些保护性措施这个动作只有人才可以发出。
所以只能选择C选项。
另外本题还可以从like 和such as 入手，在GMAT语法中表列举只有such as，like唯一意思表“像”，唯一词性“介词”。这样本题可以直接排除AD，另外从平行结构入手，未划线有and 要求前后要平行，后面是介宾结果in the intensity ，那么and前面也应该有介宾结果和它平行，所以只能选择great increases in population的选项，直接排除BE.
2. A surge（ in new home sales） and a drop（ in weekly unemployment claims） suggest that the economy might not be as weak as have been previously thought by some analysts
(A) claims suggest that the economy might not be as weak as have been previously thought by some analysts
(B) claims suggests that the economy might not be so weak as some analysts have previously thought
(C) claims suggest that the economy might not be as weak as some analysts previously thought
(D) claims, suggesting about the economy that it might not be so weak as previously thought by some analysts
(E) claims, suggesting the economy might not be as weak as previously thought to be by some analysts
解析：本题重点是找出句子的主语和谓语，句子主语a surge and a drop，谓语动词suggest，因为是复合主语，谓语动词只能是复数形式，直接排除B选项，另外DE选项都没有谓语动词，suggesting非谓语动词直接排除。
A选项previously 是一般过去时间标志词，时态只能用一般过去时间，不能用现在完成时态错。
本题正确答案是C。
3. The Achaemenid empire of Persia reached the Indus Valley in the fifth century B.C., bringing the Aramaic script with it, from which was derived both northern and southern Indian alphabets.
(A) the Aramaic script with it, from which was derived both northern and
(B) the Aramaic script with it, and from which deriving both the northern and the
(C) with it the Aramaic script, from which derive both the northern and the
(D) with it the Aramaic script, from which derives both northern and
(E) with it the Aramaic script, and deriving from it both the northern and
解析: 首先原文句子架构属于SVO, doing.
另外从定语从句内部来看，A选项定语从句内部属于典型的倒装结构，from which是介宾结构不能做主语，紧跟出现谓语动词，那么真主就是紧跟其后的名词，为alphabets是复数，谓语动词不可以使用单数，另外字母表起源是主动发出不用被动语态。所以A选项不对，排除。
B选项and 要求前后要平行，and后面为定语从句，前面没有定语从句和其平行，另外看定语从句内部没有谓语动词 deriving为非谓语动词。 另外which 也跳跃指代不好。
CD选项唯一区别点就是主谓一致，因为从句主语是alphabets，所以谓语动词只能用复数形式。
关于the的特指，gmat只要求平行结构中特制对特制，泛指对泛指，别的没有特殊要求
E选项deriving 和bringing形式上平行，bringing 为伴随状语，但是deriving不是empire的伴随状语。不可以平行。另外E both..and平行有问题，不可以特制对泛指。
4. Based on records from ancient Athens, each year young Athenian women collaborated to weave a new woollen robe that they used to dress a statue of the goddess Athena and that this robe depicted scenes of a battle between Zeus, Athena&aposs father, and giants（and之后that引导的是名词性从句，因为that在从句中没有充当任何成分）.
(A) Based on records from ancient Athens, each year young Athenian women （逻辑主语不对）collaborated to weave a new woollen robe that they used to dress定语从句，因为that充当的是从句中的宾语，所以此that从句不可以和后面未划线and之后that引导的名词性从句平行）排除此选项。
(B) Based on recordsfrom ancient Athens, each year young Athenian women（逻辑主语不对，不是based动作接收者，A选项同类错） had collaborated（时态不对） to weave a new woollen robe with which to dress
(C) According to records from ancient Athens, each year young Athenian women collaborated to weave a new woollen robe（ that they used to dress 定语从句，因为that充当的是从句中的宾语，所以此that从句不可以和后面未划线and之后that引导的名词性从句平行）排除此选项。
(D) Records from ancient Athens indicate that each year young Athenian women collaborated to weave a new woollen robe with which they dressed （此处that引导的是宾语从句属于名词性从句，可以和未划线后面that引导的名词性从句平行）
(E) Records from ancient Athens indicate（此处宾语从句that不能省） each year young Athenian women had collaborated to weave a new woollen robe for dressing （不表目的）
5. Although unhappy with the high rent her company was paying for its suburban office building, the chi executive recognized rental rates for buildings in the suburbs as far lower than it typically is for property that is located within the city limits.
(A) rental rates for buildings in the suburbs as far lower than it（特指名词及其修饰语，导致逻辑错误。另外it单数代词不能指代复数名词rental rates；另外原文出现代词its指代her company，所以不可以再用it指代别的东西） typically is for property that is located within the city limits
(B) rental rates for buildings in the suburbs as being far lower than what the rates typically charged within the city limits had been for property located there （being +形容词必错）
(C) rental rates typically being charged for property located within the city limits to be far lower as they typically were within the city limits for the property there （n +being+done必错）
(D) that rental rates for buildings in the suburbs were far lower than rental rates typically being charged within the city limits for property located there （n +being+done必错）
(E) that rental rates for buildings in the suburbs were far lower than those typically charged for property located within the city limits （ those指代rental rates 比较对象对等）正确
6. As a result of the ground-breaking work of Barbara McClintock, Many scientists now believe thatall of theinformation（ encoded in 50,000 to 100,000 of the different genes）（ found in a human cell） are contained in merely three percent of the cell’s DNA.
(A) 50,000 to 100,000 of the different genes found in a human cell are contained in merely
(B) 50,000 to 100,000 of the human cell’s different genes are contained in a mere
(C) the 50,000 to 100,000 different genes found in human cells are contained in merely
(D) 50,000 to 100,000 of human cells’ different genes is contained in merely （从未划线可知前面出现的cell是单数，因为未划线说the cell’s DNA,本选项使用human cells 不对）
(E) the 50,000 to 100,000 different genes found in a human cell is contained in a mere （正确）
宾语从句内部主语是information 为不可数名词，谓语动词只用单数, 直接排除ABC.
7. In 1713, Alexander Pope began his translation of the Iliad, a work that, taking him seven years until completion, and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary, pronounced the greatest translation in any language.
(A) his translation of the Iliad, a work that, taking him seven years until completion, and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary, pronounced
(B) his translation of the Iliad, a work( that took him seven years to complete )and( that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary, pronounced (and前后是两个定语从句平行，a work 作为translation的同位语没有问题)
(C) his translation of the Iliad, a work（ that had taken seven years to complete此为定语从句） and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’s
(D) translating the Iliad, a work that took seven years until completion and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary, pronounced it as （pronounced 这个词后面直接接其宾语及宾补就可以，不用as；另外and之后的that从句为名词性从句，所以and前后不平行；还有就是a work 只能做translation的同位语，而此处没有名词translation，it没了指代项，直接排除）
(E) translating the Iliad, a work that had taken seven years to complete and literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary, pronounced it（ a work 只能做translation的同位语，而此处没有名词translation，直接排除，另外时态不能用过去完成时态，只能用一般过去时态，it无指代项；and之后为完整SVO,如果SVO 和SVO平行，and之前用”,”隔开才对。）
8. Legislation（ in the Canadian province of Ontario） requires答案详细解析：
1. Humans have been damaging the environment for centuries by overcutting trees and farming too intensively, and though some protective measures, like the establishment of national forests and wildlife sanctuaries, having been taken decades ago, great increases in population and in the intensity of industrialization are causing a worldwide ecological crisis.
A) though some protective measures, like the establishment of national forests and wildlife sanctuaries, having been taken decades ago, great increases in population
B) though some protective measures, such as establishing national forests and wildlife sanctuaries, having been taken decades ago, great population increases
C) though some protective measures, such as the establishment of national forests and wildlife sanctuaries, were taken decades ago, great increases in population
D) with some protective measures, like establishing national forests and wildlife sanctuaries that were taken decades ago, great increases in population
E) with some protective measures, such as the establishment of national forests and wildlife sanctuaries, having been taken decades ago, great population increases
解析 ：首先从句子架构入手，原文是典型并列句，从“，and”之前就不用看了，只看后面的句，而从A选项发现后面的句子是复合句，架构应该为though+SVO, SVO. 但是我们的A，B选项中though引导的从句都没有谓语动词，从句不完整（因为having been taken 是非谓语动词）。
而DE选项没有从句直接用介宾结构放在句首做状语，这时候就得需要考察逻辑主语，with some protective measures，逻辑主语应该是人，而不是great increases，因为采取一些保护性措施这个动作只有人才可以发出。
所以只能选择C选项。
另外本题还可以从like 和such as 入手，在GMAT语法中表列举只有such as，like唯一意思表“像”，唯一词性“介词”。这样本题可以直接排除AD，另外从平行结构入手，未划线有and 要求前后要平行，后面是介宾结果in the intensity ，那么and前面也应该有介宾结果和它平行，所以只能选择great increases in population的选项，直接排除BE.
2. A surge（ in new home sales） and a drop（ in weekly unemployment claims） suggest that the economy might not be as weak as have been previously thought by some analysts
(A) claims suggest that the economy might not be as weak as have been previously thought by some analysts
(B) claims suggests that the economy might not be so weak as some analysts have previously thought
(C) claims suggest that the economy might not be as weak as some analysts previously thought
(D) claims, suggesting about the economy that it might not be so weak as previously thought by some analysts
(E) claims, suggesting the economy might not be as weak as previously thought to be by some analysts
解析：本题重点是找出句子的主语和谓语，句子主语a surge and a drop，谓语动词suggest，因为是复合主语，谓语动词只能是复数形式，直接排除B选项，另外DE选项都没有谓语动词，suggesting非谓语动词直接排除。
A选项previously 是一般过去时间标志词，时态只能用一般过去时间，不能用现在完成时态错。
本题正确答案是C。
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