GMAT语法题型详解之形合题型(一).

　　如何备考才能够迅速提升GMAT语法成绩呢?GMAT语法部分的题型有哪些?应该怎样应对呢?下面就来对GMAT语法部分形合题型的解题方法进行深入的分析。

　　形合，指通过明显的字面结构性提示，传递句子内部的前后和谐关系。如大家熟悉的平行结构(由not only ….but also、both… and 、neither…nor等广为人知的结构引出)。此类考点在OG11版本出现颇多。其特色是只要抓住这些结构，则此题一招用到得到最后答案。然而，广大考生在借助比较老的练习材料建立了对该考点的基本熟悉之后，却很容易形成思维定式，变成单纯追求形式上的和谐，而忽略了逻辑意义上的和谐，即“意合”，落入“形而上”的陷阱。这一思维定式在08年以来的机考实战中，已经频繁被命题者所利用于构造题目的强迷惑选项。

　　以下对若干代表性题目做针对性点评

　　(1)GWD题目

　　A New York City ordinance of 1897 regulated the use of bicycles, mandated a maximum speed of eight miles an hour, required of cyclists to keep feet on pedals and hands on handlebars at all times, and it granted pedestrians right-of-way.

　　A. regulated the use of bicycles, mandated a maximum speed of eight miles an hour, required of cyclists to keep feet on pedals and hands on handlebars at all times, and it granted

　　B. regulated the use of bicycles, mandated a maximum speed of eight miles an hour, required cyclists to keep feet on pedals and hands on handlebars at all times, granting

　　C. regulating the use of bicycles mandated a maximum speed of eight miles an hour, required cyclists that they keep feet on pedals and hands on handlebars at all times, and it granted

　　D. regulating the use of bicycles, mandating a maximum speed of eight miles an hour, requiring of cyclists that they keep feet on pedals and hands on handlebars at all times, and granted

　　E. regulating the use of bicycles mandated a maximum speed of eight miles an hour, required cyclists to keep feet on pedals and hands on handlebars at all times, and granted

　　答案为E。易见该题意在考查四个动词regulate、mandate、required、granted的排列问题。考生容易先入为主，先假设四个动作是平行的，然后按照这个标准去寻找答案，最后感到困惑。实际上，该题最精妙之处，在于四个动作实际上并不平行。Regulate后面的内容是整个自行车的使用规则，后面三个动作分别介绍了该规则的三个方面。所以，regulate的层次是高于另外三个动词的。所以E的写法并没有使用四个动词平行的写法，却是真正正确的写法。

　　(2)见于GWD与PREP08

　　Minivans carry as many as seven passengers and, compared with most sport utility vehicles, cost less, get better gas mileage, allow passengers to get in and out more easily, and have a smoother ride.

　　A. Minivans carry as many as seven passengers and, compared with most sport utility vehicles, cost less,

　　B. Minivans, which carry as many as seven passengers, compared with most sport utility vehicles, they cost less,

　　C. Minivans carry as many as seven passengers, in comparison with most sport utility vehicles, and have a lower cost, they

　　D. Minivans, carrying as many as seven passengers, compared with most sport utility vehicles, cost less,

　　E. Minivans, which carry as many as seven passengers, compared with most sport utility vehicles the cost is lower, and they

　　在PREP08出来之前，该题答案一直在A和D之间争议，直到PREP给出正确答案A才中止了争议。该题精妙之处在于，D选项是命题者故意设置的“形合”，让读者观感上觉得cost，get，allow，have形成了平行。而感到A选项的第一个“and”为多余。实际上，动作carry和后面几个动作并不平行。这个句子的逻辑关系是，“Carry”这个动作是没有参加“compared”的，所以自成一个层次，而另外四个动词是“compared”的项目，它们另外组成了一个四连珠的动词平行结构。故而A中的第一个“and“恰恰是必要的。

　　(3)来自Prep08

　　A mixture of poems and short fiction, Jean Toomer&aposs Cane has been called one of the three best novels ever written by Black Americans—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man

　　A. Black Americans—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man

　　B. Black Americans—including Native Son by Richard Wright and Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison

　　C. a Black American—including Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man

　　D. a Black American—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man

　　E. a Black American—the others being Richard Wright&aposs Native Son and Ralph Ellison&aposs Invisible Man

　　此题第一要点在于不纠缠于黑人到底使用单数还是复数形式，而是从并列对象是书而不是人入手，排除之后余下BE，此题另一精妙之处在于如何在BE之间抉择，谨记避免犯形而上的错误，简单根据E项有Being就杀之。此类对思维要求低的排除方法已经被证明在现行机考中越来越不靠谱。实际上遵循意合的思路容易找到线索。划线外部使用的作者与书的关系所有格写法是‘s，所以与之保持一致，则后面也使用同一个写法，故而选择E。此题并无明显并列连词提示考生题中的和谐关系，是依靠对句意理解得出。

　　以上就是GMAT语法部分形合题型的解题技巧，考生可以据此进行针对性的练习，熟练掌握GMAT语法题目的解题方法，从而在短期内迅速提升GMAT语法成绩。 相关链接：

1.GMAT语法题型详解之形合题型(二)

2.GMAT语法题型详解之原因评述题

3.GMAT语法解题技巧解析

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