总结GMAT语法中that which的使用技巧(五).

　 想要迅速提高GMAT语法考试成绩，考生就需要熟练掌握一些GMAT语法考试中的必备知识点，并在解题的过程中灵活运用。下面就来对GMAT语法考试中的必备知识点进行简单的介绍，希望能够为同学们备考GMAT语法考试带来帮助。

　　GWD 32-2

　　Written in ink or engraved by stylus, more than 2,000 letters and documents on wooden tablets excavated at the site of the old roman fort at Vindolanda in northern England are yielding a historical account of the military garrison in the first and second centuries thatare so vivid in their details about personal life as they are from Pompeii

　　A. are so vivid in their details about personal life as they ate

　　B. are as vivid in their details of personal life as those gathered

　　C. is as vivid in their detail about personal life as that gathered

　　D. is as vivid in its details of personal life as that gathered

　　E. is so vivid in its details of personal life as is that

　　选D

　　that指代a historical account of the military garrison, 说a historical account of the military garrison is as vivid in its details of personal life(像个人生活一样生动)as that gathered from Pompeli.

　　which/that跳跃修饰、修饰不当的判断标准

　　that,which皆可跳跃修饰，大部分跳跃修饰的情况是

　　n+介宾结构that

　　n+介宾结构，which,that，which跳过介宾结构修饰n

　　Where引导定语从句的跳跃修饰

　　225. Minnesota is the only one of the contiguous forty-eight states that still has a sizable wolf population. and where this predator remains the archenemy of cattle and sheep.

　　(A)that still has a sizable wolf population, and where

　　(B)that still has a sizable wolf population, where

　　(C)that still has a sizable population of wolves, and where

　　(D)where the population of wolves is still sizable;

　　(E)where there is still a sizable population of wolves and where

　　In choices A and C, the construction that still has ..., and where modifies Minnesota with clauses that are not gram­matically parallel. In choice B, the omission of and illogically makes the where ... clause modify wolf population rather than Minnesota--that is, choice B says in fect that the wolf population is where the wolf remains the archenemy of cattle and sheep. Choice D is grammatically constructed, but it lacks a conjunction that establishes a logical relation between the clauses; since Minnesota as a grammatical subject is separated from the clause following the semicolon, the statement there need not even pertain to Minnesota. In E, the best choice, the parallel construction of where ... and where ... allows both clauses to modify Minnesota.

　　正确答案E中两个where并列，共同跳跃修饰Minnesota

　　四.Whose的跳跃修饰

　　大全-675 Studies show that young people with higher-than-average blood pressure and their families have a history of high blood pressure are more likely than others to develop a severe form of the condition.

　　(A) and their families have a history of high blood pressure

　　(B) whose families have a history of high blood pressure

　　(C) and a history of high blood pressure runs in the family

　　(D) whose families have a history of high blood pressure running in them(B)

　　(E) with a history of high blood pressure running in their family

　　正确答案为B，这里面的whose的修饰就是跃过with短语的限定直接修饰young people的

　　GWD26-Q24

　　According to United States census data, while there was about one-third of mothers with young children working outside the home in 1975, in 2000, almost two-thirds of those mothers were employed outside the home.

　　A.[font=][/font]while there was about one-third of mothers with young children working outside the home in 1975, in 2000, almost two-thirds of those mothers were employed outside the home.

　　B.[font=][/font]there were about one-third of mothers with young children who worked outside the home in 1975; in 2000, almost two-thirds of those mothers were employed outside the home

　　C.[font=][/font]in 1975 about one-third of mothers with young children worked outside the home; in 2000, almost two-thirds of such mothers were employed outside the home

　　D.[font=][/font]even though in 1975 there were about one-third of mothers with young children who worked outside the home, almost two-thirds of such mothers were employed outside the home in 2000

　　E.[font=][/font]with about one-third of mothers with young children working outside the home in 1975, almost two-thirds of such mothers were employed outside the home in 2000

　　答案为C，D错在who worked outside 修饰children逻辑错误

　　但是，不是说如果定语从句前有介词短语，比如in 1998什么之类的，定语从句就可以跳跃修饰前面的名词

　　这里的with young children 可不可以看成一个介词短语，然后who ....跳跃修饰前面的名词mothers ??

　　prep 2-29.Unlike many United States cities, where a river is no longer the focal point of urban life, the river in San Antonio winds through the middle of the business district, and the River Walk, or Paseo del Rio, is the city&aposs most popular attraction.

　　(A) Unlike many United States cities, where a river is no longer the focal point of urban life, the river in San Antonio

　　(B) Unlike the river in many cities in the United States, which is no longer the focal point of urban life, in San Antonio the river

　　(C) Today the river in many cities in the United States is no longer the focal point of urban life, unlike San Antonio, where it

　　(D) In few United States cities today, a river is the focal point of urban life, but the river in San Antonio

　　(E) No longer do many cities in the United States have a river as the focal point of urban life, but in San Antonio the river

　　答案为E，never、on longer等否定词在句首需要倒装.我选了B，解释说B中which错误指代United States，但是有介词短语不是可以跳跃修饰吗，于是跳过两个介词短语in the United States和in many cities ，不就正确修饰the river 了吗?

　　B的开头为“Unlike the river(特指) in many cities in the United States”，而原文中则是“Unlike many United States cities, where a river(泛指)...”，且从意思上来看泛指更符合逻辑。此处的which跳跃指代产生了指代不清的后果，不能选B.

　　+

　　B中which is no longer the focal point of urban life

　　D中a river is the focal point of urban life,

　　E中have a river as the focal point of urban life

　　无论B和D，简化一下都是a river is the focal point ，E中是have a river as the focal point

　　主系表结构，是要表达主语的属性的，本题中the focal point 不是river的属性，所以不能用主系表结构

　　a river is the focal point应该表达成a river locates in the focal point

　　换句话说the focal point 不是river的属性，而是river的状语.

　　以上对GMAT语法考试中的常见备考要点进行了较为详细的阐述，考生不妨以此为鉴，通过反复练习逐步掌握其在GAMT语法考试中的使用规律，从而在GMAT语法考试中发挥出更好的水平。

相关链接：

1.如何利用last试题备考GMAT逻辑：基础篇

2.关于GMAT阅读备考的一些感想

3.GMAT考试 3月23日更新GMAT数学机经（十二）

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