详解GMAT语法必备知识点：代词指代(I).

　　想要迅速提高GMAT语法考试成绩，考生就需要熟练掌握一些GMAT语法考试中的必备知识点，并在解题的过程中灵活运用。下面就来对GMAT语法考试中的必备知识点进行简单的介绍，希望能够为同学们备考GMAT语法考试带来帮助。更多相关问题可咨询澳际留学在线专家，如果有任何意见和建议，也请联系我们。

　　指代问题：

　　l 指代不一致。例。OG-1。 用child, each 指代前面的young men and women.

　　OG-3。 单复数不一致的变体，前面用residents, 后面说act as sentinels (不可能多个residents act as a sentinel)

　　OG-4. 集体名词 citrus 橘类水果，单数。后面指代用it 才对。

　　OG-12-B。 从句主语they, 指代主句formulas, 但语义代small businesses.

　　OG-42。 D. 前面administration 单数， 后面用they

　　OG-47. C it 代displays 错。

　　OG-48 BE 前面crab, 后面用they 指代。 Wrong.

　　OG-61

　　The Gorton-Dodd bill requires that a bank disclose to their customers how long they will delay access to funds from deposited checks.

　　(A) that a bank disclose to their customers how long they will delay access to funds from deposited checks. 前面明明讲的是a bank.

　　(B) a bank to disclose to their customers how long they will delay access to funds from a deposited check. 同上。 单复数对应的问题。 Customers 存在一个check 里面??

　　(C) that a bank disclose to its customers how long it will delay access to funds from deposited checks 对。同时注意require 的两种搭配法和用法。

　　(D) a bank that it should disclose to its customers how long it will delay access to funds from a deposited check 搭配法错。

　　(E) that banks disclose to customers how long access to funds from their deposited check is to be delayed. Unwarranted passive voice.

　　OG-77 Though the term "graphic design" may suggest laying out corporate brochures and annual reports, they have come to signify widely ranging work, from package designs and company logotypes to signs, book jackets, computer graphics, and film titles.

　　(A) suggest laying out corporate brochures and annual reports, they have come to signify widely ranging

　　(B) suggest laying out corporate brochures and annual reports, it has come to signify a wide range of 对。

　　(C) suggest corporate brochure and annual report layout, it has signified widely ranging

　　(D) have suggested corporate brochure and annual report layout, it has signified a wide range of

　　(E) have suggested laying out corporate brochures and annual reports, they have come to signify widely ranging 指代the term, 排除 AE。 固定搭配， a wide range of ….have done 时态很怪。

　　注意，suggest doing sth. 这里design 是一个含有动作性的名词。因此 graphic design 指的是 laying out brochures, 而不是 brochures 本身。

　　OG-90 代词不能指代前面所有格修饰位置上的词，如 the officers’ fees, 后面的they 就不能代officers, 必须要改成of 结构

　　OG-95-A 前面说figures, 后面it。

　　OG-97 Iguanas have been an important food source in Latin America since prehistoric times, and it is still prized as a game animal by the campcsinos, who typically cook the meat in a heavily spiced stew.

　　(A) it is still prized as a game animal it 指代错。A game animal 同理错。

　　(B) it is still prized as game animals

　　(C) they are still prized as game animals 对。

　　(D) they are still prized as being a game animal 此外，being wordy

　　(E) being still prized as a game animal and 并列，要求的结构，independent clause

　　OG-152. When the technique known as gene-splicing was invented in the early 1970&aposs, it was feared that scientists might inadvertently create an "Andromeda strain," a microbe never bore seen on Earth that might escape from the laboratory and it would kill vast numbers of humans who would have no natural denses against it.

　　(A) it would kill vast numbers of humans who would have no natural denses against it OG所谓的run-on sentence.

　　(B) it might kill vast numbers of humans with no natural denses against it OG以前提到过的with 和who 的区别。这里没有提到。但是认为还是有区别的。 而且，with 无法表达would 可能的语气。

　　(C) kill vast numbers of humans who would have no natural denses against it 对。

　　(D) kill vast numbers of humans who have no natural denses against them 指代错误

　　(E) kill vast numbers of humans with no natural denses against them

　　they 和their 在同个句子中指代不一致。

　　159. While depressed property values can hurt some large investors, they are potentially devastating for home-owners. whose equity--in many cases representing a life&aposs savings--can plunge or even disappear.

　　(A) they are potentially devastating for homeowners, whose 对。

　　(B) they can potentially devastate homeowners in that their in that their, because their, in that their, 这三个词组全都wordy, 更重要的是，他们都指代不明。 They 代property values, 而their 逻辑上应该代homeowners.

　　(C) for homeowners they are potentially devastating, because their

　　(D) for homeowners, it is potentially devastating in that their it 错。

　　(E) it can potentially devastate homeowners, whose

　　看完全句的必要性-看到代词，找找rerent. 不管是不是在画线部分。因为，不画线部分可以暗示画线部分名词等的单复数问题。

　　OG-163. Found throughout Central and South America, sloths hang from trees by long rubbery limbs and sleep fifteen hours a day. moving infrequently enough that two species of algae grow on its coat and between its toes.

　　(A) sloths hang from trees by long rubbery limbs and sleep fifteen hours a day, moving infrequently enough hang 和sleep并立结构不好， enough

　　(B) sloths hang from trees by long rubbery limbs, they sleep fifteen hours a day, and with such infrequent movements they run-on, such 怪。结构问题

　　(C) sloths use their long rubbery limbs to hang from trees, sleep fifteen hours a day, and move so infrequently 这种并立产生的现象是absurd. 到底在干吗?

　　(D) the sloth hangs from trees by its long rubbery limbs, sleeping fifteen hours a day and moving so infrequently 对

　　(E) the sloth hangs from trees by its long rubbery limbs, sleeps fifteen hours a day, and it moves infrequently enough it 没必要，enough that 不对。 Hang 和 sleep 并立也是不对的。怪。不是一系列发生的动作。

　　OG-198 又是一条列出单数名词，然后用复数代替。(注意不画线的提示-出现代词要警惕，特别是画线不画线部分的代词不一致，或名词代词不一致问题。)

　　198. Although Napoleon&aposs army entered Russia with far more supplies than they had in their previous campaigns, it had provisions for only twenty-four days.

　　(A) they had in their previous campaigns 注意时态错，应该用had had, 前面有过去时提示。介词in 不如for 好。 但是最重要的，代词错了。

　　(B) their previous campaigns had had

　　(C) they had for any previous campaign

　　(D) in their previous campaigns

　　(E) for any previous campaign (注意OG认为这种表达简单明了，姑且看出省略吧。 than it had had for any previous campaign)

　　名词和代词在逻辑上不一致。

　　OG-214. Although the term "psychopath" is popularly applied to an especially brutal criminal, in psychology it is someone who is apparently incapable of feeling compassion or the pangs of conscience.

　　(A) it is someone who is it 指‘the term’

　　(B) it is a person 同理

　　(C) they are people who are 用了复数更不对。

　　(D) it rers to someone who is 对。

　　(E) it is in rerence to people it is in rerence, 也不对。应该加上动词applied, people是复数, 不对，前面明明是单数it。

　　OG-251 The gyrfalcon, an Arctic bird of prey, has survived a close brush with extinction; its numbers are now five times greater than when the use of DDT was sharply restricted in the early 1970&aposs. .

　　(A) extinction; its numbers are now five times greater than 对。

　　(B) extinction; its numbers are now five times more than 注意主语是numbers 数量不能more than, 跟密度那条差不多。

　　(C) extinction, their numbers now fivold what they were fivold what they were 表达也怪。 (个人)

　　(D) extinction, now with fivold the numbers they had with 用的不好。歧义，以为是和with extinction

　　(E) extinction, now with numbers five times greater than 平行， 还有用with 修饰gyrfalcon 不对。感觉怪。

　　l 指代模糊。OG-11。 答案B 中， basing it on various ancient writers’ accounts, scholars have painted a sketchy picture of … it 指代imprecise, not immediately clear.

　　Not immediately clear, 指的是语法上没有错误，但是干扰理解的选择。OG-12-E。 because 从句的主语they, 语法上优先从前-small businesses，但是because, 前面有 big businesses, 造成干扰。

　　OG-31 –C Unlike computer skills or other technical skills, analytical skills bring out a disinclination in many people to recognize that they are weak to a degree. They 的指代模糊。逻辑代people, 语法优先从主语skills.

　　OG-234 The physical structure of the human eye enables it to sense light of wavelengths up to 0.0005 millimeters; infrared radiation, however, is invisible because its wavelength--0.1 millimeters--is too long to be registered by the eye.

　　(A) infrared radiation, however, is invisible because its wavelength--0.1 millimeters--is too long to be registered by the eye 对。 个人认为：指代清晰。结构好。Be too adj to … (LZM 中间不加东西最好。不过OG没怎么强调。反正加了就要小心) 本题逻辑关系：因为波长太长不能被register, 所以radiation 看不见。(注意各自的主语。)

　　(B) however, the wavelength of infrared radiation--0.1 millimeters--is too long to be registered by the eye making it invisible 再次强调，the misplaced participial phrase making it invisible modifies eye rather than wavelength

　　(C) infrared radiation, however, is invisible because its wavelength--0.1 millimeters--is too long for the eye to register it 逻辑上应该是wavelength, 语法上是radiation.

　　(D) however, because the wavelength of infrared radiation is 0.1 millimeters, it is too long for the eye to register and thus invisible 到底指什么? 主语是wavelength 错。应该是radiation.

　　(E) however, infrared radiation has a wavelength of 0.1 millimeters that is too long for the eye to register, thus making it invisible Choice E produces an illogical statement by using a restrictive clause introduced by that where a comma followed by the nonrestrictive "which" is required: a wavelength of 0.1 millimeters that is too long nonsensically suggests that not all wavelengths of 0.1 millimeters are too long for the eye to register.

　　OG-248 By offering lower prices and a menu of personal communications options, such as caller identification and voice mail, the new telecommunications company has not only captured customers from other phone companies but also forced them to offer competitive prices.

　　(B) has not only captured customers from other phone companies, but it also forced them

　　(C) has not only captured customers from other phone companies but also forced these companies 对，用重复的办法避免了不清楚。

　　(D) not only has captured customers from other phone companies but also these companies have been forced

　　BD都不平行。A 的问题them 指代不明确。结构平衡capture customers, force them (指customers, 但是逻辑上代companies.)

　　l 一句话中出现两个指代。 比如两个they, it, 或者，it 和its等等。两者指代不一致，必错。OG-12-A， 除非有分号隔开。葡萄跟酒的那条。

　　l that, which 从句不能代人。

　　l 明显的指代错误，优先与读起来不大顺的其它方面。OG-29。 Several million tons of stone were quarried in France for the building of … (表示目的，可以接受。)主要其它有明显的指代错误。…..in order that they might build….. (前面只要tons of stone, 很明显不是they 的rerent. 错。) 注意in order that, 也是一个有争议的词组。OG 曾说过不好。但有说过可以。

　　l no rerent. OG-33-C. 平行结构是对了，但是it 无指代。OG-35-A it 无指代。It was the second price. 前面只有画，画不能是price. 。 OG-38-C。 it。 OG-41-A。 it 的指代不能是动作，要改成so.

　　l there 指代。 OG-38。 前面要有相应的地点。

　　以上对GMAT语法考试中的常见备考要点进行了较为详细的阐述，考生不妨以此为鉴，通过反复练习逐步掌握其在GAMT语法考试中的使用规律，从而在GMAT语法考试中发挥出更好的水平。

相关链接：

1.GMAT作文精品模板推荐(4)

2.GMAT考试 5月29日更新GMAT数学机经（六）

3.GMAT考试备考历程访谈录