GMAT语法知识点详解（六）.

从今天开始澳际留学小编会为大家整理一些有关GMAT语法的试题，并附有这些试题的讲解以及GMAT语法知识点。红色标注的为每道题的正确选项，关于每道题解析中一开始的考点说明会有列举得比较详细，建议参看的战友第一次看本笔记时先跳过那些考点说明，直接看选项分析，有不懂的点再回头核对相关知识点。为不强加思维于众考生，笔记里面大多题目并没有点出做题的思维方式，只分析了错误的语法点。希望这些分析以及相关语法知识能帮到大家。更多相关问题可咨询澳际留学在线专家，如果有任何意见和建议，也请联系我们。

　　180.

　　Noting that the Federal Reserve had raised a key short-term interest rate again last month, analysts said that they expected orders for durable goods to decline soon because rising interest rates makes it more expensive to buy them on credit

　　A. rising interest rates makes it more expensive to buy them on credit

　　B. rising interest rates make buying on credit more expensive

　　C. a rise in interest rates make it more expensive to buy on credit

　　D. a rise in interest rates make buying on credit more expensive (B)

　　E. a rise in interest rates makes it more expensive for them to be bought on credit

　　题目释义：Noting that…, analysts said that they expected … because... rates make … more …

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　　考点：

　　1. 主谓一致

　　2. 逻辑主语的用法

　　3. Make短语：

　　Make it adj. to do

　　Make (doing) sth. Adj.

　　Make N1 N2

　　4. buy on credit是"分期付款/赊购"的固定用法，buy on credit是"分期付款/赊购"的固定组织，buy后面可以不需要宾语，但跟上宾语也没有问题

　　选项分析：

　　A. rates和makes主谓不一致;make it more expensive to buy them中them无所指，语法上指代orders，但逻辑上应该指代durable goods

　　B. correct;从意合角度可看出：rising interest rates与前面的again遥相呼应。因为有again的存在，说明不是一次利率上涨(a rise in interest rates)，借此可以排除C,D,E;by on credit固定搭配

　　C. a rise和make主谓不一致;make it more expensive to buy on credit不如make buying on credit更简洁;从意合角度讲rising IRs比a rise in IRs 好

　　D. a rise和make主谓不一致;从意合角度讲rising IRs比a rise in IRs 好

　　E. for them to be bought on credit不简洁，被动语态不好，且them指代不清，语法上指代orders，逻辑上指代orders;从意合角度讲rising IRs比a rise in IRs 好。

　　181. 重点题

　　The number of people flying first class on domestic flights rose sharply in 1990, doubling the increase of the previous year.

　　A. doubling the increase of

　　B. doubling that of the increase in

　　C. double as much as the increase of

　　D. twice as many as the increase in (A)

　　E. twice as many as the increase of

　　题目释义： The number… rose sharply…, doubling the increase of…

　　考点：

　　1. 伴随状语：doing引导伴随状语或者目的状语

　　2. 前后句关系平行一致

　　3. 不可数名词，抽象名词不可用many形容

　　4. AlienX: "of XXX(年份)"在OG/Prep上常出现, 所以of previous year没问题

　　prep1#245: In no other historical sighting did Halley&aposs comet cause such a worldwide sensation as in its return of 1910-1911.

　　5. 注意这个题的含义：

　　不是说：今年的人数(total number)在增长以后，是去年增长人数(increase of the previous year)的两倍。

　　而是说：今年的增长(increase)是去年(increase)的两倍。

　　aeoluseros: 这里的double是"make twice as great"(造成两倍的**)的意思，也就是使increase/growth两倍，直译过来就是“今年的人数造成了去年增长人数两倍的增长”. (Explanation from LDOCE: “To become twice as big or twice as much or to make something twice as big or twice as much”)

　　AlienX: 我觉得doubling the increase of the previous year=使1990年的increase在the increase of the previous year的基础上倍增.

　　来看另外一个非常像的句子:

　　P1#242: Retail sales rose 8/10 of 1 percent in August, intensifying expectations that personal spending in the July-September quarter would more than double the 1.4 percent growth rate in personal spending for the previous quarter. (7-9月的个人支出造成了前一季度1.4增长量两倍的增长。)

　　同理, personal spending in the July-September quarter would more than double the 1.4 percent growth rate in personal spending for the previous quarter=personal spending in the July-September quarter的growth rate在the 1.4 percent growth rate in personal spending for the previous quarter的基础上倍增.

　　6. Double和twice都可以直接作为predeterminer(如C,D,E选项)，而doubling中的double是作为及物动词(如A,B选项).

　　选项分析：

　　A. Correct;这里的double是"make twice as great"的意思，也就是使increase/growth两倍;present participle结构修饰前面整个分句。

　　B. That无指代对象，有人说that是指代the number，如果是指代the number的话，是累赘的，所以that并不指向任何成分;the increase in previous year是指previous year的增长(这个逻辑doesn’t make sense)，而不是在previous year增长，应该用the increase of the previous year。

　　C. double应该改为doubling，这样划线成分才能修饰前面整个分句，double as much as是同位语修饰词(appositive modifier)，要紧接其修饰的内容，在此句子中逗号前不是一个figure，所以不能用double as many as这个结构;即便as much as能成功修饰number也不对，数量应该用great来修饰，见下面补充5。

　　D. Many用法错误，因为the increase不是一个countable quantity(这里the increase可以看做是一个代词，而它所指代的对象就是前面出现过的内容：the number of the people，而the number of the people是一个表达数量的数字而不是可数名词，所以the increase也不能够用many来修饰);twice as many as是同位语修饰词(appositive modifier)，要紧接其修饰的内容，在此句子中逗号前不是一个figure，所以不能用twice as many as这个结构，awkward。(见下面知识点补充1);the increase in previous year错误。

　　E. Many用法错误，因为the increase不是一个countable quantity(from Manhattan);twice as many as结构使用错误同上。

　　知识点补充说明：

　　1. "twice Y" / "X times Y" can dinitely be used as an appositive。

　　2. 注意doubling the increase of 和 double as much as the increase of是两个完全不同的结构。

　　3. 关于twice as many/much as结构：

　　(www.aoji.cn

　　(1) If you say "twice as many", then this construction should be paired with acountable noun.

　　e.g., twice as many dogs --> "dogs" is a countable noun

　　(2) If you said "twice as much", then this construction should be paired with anuncountable noun.

　　e.g., twice as much water --> "water" is an uncountable noun

　　(3) If the noun in question is already an explicitly numerical quantity, then you should use neither "much" nor "many". Instead, you should just use "twice" or "double" by itself.

　　e.g., twice the increase --> "increase" is an explicitly numerical quantity

　　(4) These rules are followed pretty closely.

　　so, for instance:

　　twice as much water --> correct, since "water" is an uncountable noun (but is not an explicitly numerical quantity)

　　twice the water... --> incorrect, since water is not a numerical quantity

　　twice as much as the increase... --> incorrect; redundant

　　twice the increase... --> correct

　　4. 注意不能看到the increase就认定它是不可数的，要用much来修饰，而应该看the increase所指向的东西。

　　5. 关于numbers与greater和more搭配的另一道题：

　　OG251. The gyrfalcon, an Arctic bird of prey, has survived a close brush with extinction; its numbers are now five times greater than when the use of DDT was sharply restricted in the early 1970&aposs. .

　　a) extinction; its numbers are now five times greater than

　　b) extinction; its numbers are now five times more than

　　c) extinction, their numbers now fivold what they were

　　d) extinction, now with fivold the numbers they had (A)

　　e) extinction, now with numbers five times greater than

　　A, the best choice, uses a singular pronoun, its, to rer to the singular antecedent The gyrfalcon, and it properly uses the construction its numbers are now ... greater than. In B, the construction its numbers are ... more is not idiomatic: there are more birds, but not more numbers. Choices C and D use a plural pronoun, their or they, to rer to a grammatically singular antecedent, The gyrfalcon.

　　Choices D and E wrongly use a phrase introduced by now with to modify The gyrfalcon. In both choices, the phrase confusingly seems to parallel with extinction; a new clause with a present tense verb is needed to state what the gyrfalcon&aposs numbers are now.

　　6. 关于类似twice as many/much as的结构：appositive modifier(同位语修饰词)。

　　不仅仅名词，有些形容词也是可以做为appositive modifier的，这种形容词用逗号隔开放在句尾，还是习惯于修饰最近的词语(但是不绝对)。这样的形容词有different from, (double/twice) as many as等。

　　一道来自Manhattan的模考题：

　　Antigenic shift rers to the combination of two different strains of influenza; in contrast, antigenic drift rers to the natural mutation of a single strain of influenza.

　　A. influenza; in contrast, antigenic drift rers to the natural mutation of a single strain of influenza

　　B. influenza, different than the natural mutation of a single strain, known as antigenic drift

　　C. influenza, in contrast to the natural mutation of a single strain, known as antigenic drift

　　D. influenza, different than antigenic drift, which rers to the natural mutation of a single strain of influenza

　　E. influenza; in contrast to antigenic drift, which rers to the natural mutation of a single strain of influenza

　　Key: A. 此题里面D选项different than先改为different from。而即便改为different from，也修饰不到Antigenic shift，因为太远了，需要在different from前面加上and is(其他错误暂不考虑)。

　　不过如果前面的成分比较短，不会引起歧义，这个同位语还是可以跳跃修饰的，比如这个例子：

　　According to surveys by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, about 20 percent of young adults used cocaine in 1979, doubling those reported in the 1977 survey.

　　(A) doubling those reported in the 1977 survey

　　(B) to double the number the 1977 survey reported

　　(C) twice those the 1977 survey reported

　　(D) twice as much as those reported in the 1977 survey

　　(E) twice the number reported in the 1977 survey

　　OA：E。其中twice跳跃used cocaine修饰20 percent of young adults.

　　7. as many可以当一个数目来用。但是如果连接twice这样的倍数，则后面要用as many as，做比较来用。

　　相关链接：

1.780分考生分享GMAT语文中的语法

2.详解GMAT语法必备知识点：代词指代(II)

3.Verbal满分考生谈GMAT语法