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GMAT语法知识点详解(十一).

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  从今天开始澳际留学小编会为大家整理一些有关GMAT语法的试题,并附有这些试题的讲解以及GMAT语法知识点。红色标注的为每道题的正确选项,关于每道题解析中一开始的考点说明会有列举得比较详细,建议参看的战友第一次看本笔记时先跳过那些考点说明,直接看选项分析,有不懂的点再回头核对相关知识点。为不强加思维于众考生,笔记里面大多题目并没有点出做题的思维方式,只分析了错误的语法点。希望这些分析以及相关语法知识能帮到大家。更多相关问题可咨询澳际留学在线专家,如果有任何意见和建议,也请联系我们。

191.

  The loan company announced it would soon lend money to borrowers with proven records of their not paying back their loans on time, collectively known as the subprime lending market.

  A. of their not paying back their loans on time,

  B. of not paying back their loans on time, a group

  C. of not paying back their loans on time, with such a group

  D. that they do not pay back their loans on time, (B)

  E. that they do not pay back their loans on time, such a group

  题目释义:loan company announced (that)…borrowers with proven records of …, a group known as…

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  考点:

  1. 同位语

  1)、同位结构的特征

  (1) 起修饰语的作用,一般用于修饰名词或名词短语;“解释的是整个名词,不是名短中某个词”,故同位语不是核心词修饰。

  (2) 必须对其修饰对象具有解释力;

  (3) 位置:名词前或名词后,一般在修饰对象的后面;

  (4) 不影响主谓一致(谓语应该和主语保持一致,而不是和同位语);

  (5) 同位结构中名词的数可以和其修饰对象的数不一致。

  2)、同位结构的形式

  (1) 名词性同位语:名词解释名词。(以下三种,第二个n.后可以跟修饰词)

  i. N., n.;

  ii. n., a/an + n.或a/an + n., n.;

  iii. the + n., n.(前面的the + n 为同位结构)

  (2) 内容具体化同位结构:抽象名词(theory/evidence/beli/principle)+that 从句,that 从句对抽象名词进行具体化解释(注意与of 结构的区别),that从句部分才是同位语。(that是小品词,连词,和一般的名词性that分句中的that一样)

  (3) 概括性同位语:用一个概括性的名词去概括前面的修饰对象:短语/句子,n. +that/doing/done...

  (4) 名词重复性同位结构:n,n(重复所修饰的名词)+that 定语从句

  (5) 代词代替性同位结构:n,one/ones+that 定语从句

  3)、同位语从句

  有很多名词后可以跟that引起的从句,说明其内容,可以称作同位语从句。

  He rerred to Copernicus’s statement that the earth moves round the sun.

  有时同位语从句可以和同位的名词分开。 (其实是同位语从句太长后置)

  The rumour spread that a new school would be built here.

  在少数情况下也可用连接副词(代词)引起的从句作同位语。

  He had no idea why she lt.

  2. Proven records:良好记录

  3. Records of sth. 固定搭配,比records that简洁地道。

  选项分析:

  A.of their not paying back their loans表达不简洁,第一个their累赘;未划线部分的known修饰loans不合理

  B.correct;本题关键在于识别出逗号后面成分的修饰对象 -- borrowers的同位语必须是a group才合理,。

  C.With引导独立主格,其逻辑主语应为主句主语,逻辑不合理;such无所指,错误且多余。

  D. 定语从句在这里表达不简洁地道;未划线部分的known修饰loans不合理

  E. 定语从句在这里表达不简洁地道;such无所指,错误且多余。

  补充说明:

  1. 关于A选项中的they的分析:

  with引导一个形容词性介宾短语,我们可以转换为have来看:

  borrowers have proven records of not paying back their loans on time,...

  对比:

  borrower have proven records that they do not pay back their loans on time,...

  可以发现整句就这么一个主语,没有必要再次强调主语they.

  192.

  In 1988, the Council on Economic Priorities began publishing Shopping for a Better World, with the simple thesis of consumers having the power to change companies by the simple expedient of rusing to buy.

  A. with the simple thesis of consumers having

  B. which had the simple thesis of consumers having

  C. where the thesis was simple: consumers having

  D. with a thesis that is a simple one: consumers have (E)

  E. whose thesis was simple: consumers have

  题目释义:the Council began publishing SFBW, whose thesis was simple:consumers have…

  考点:

  定于从句,同位语从句,句子结构

  1. with型独立主格做伴随状语,修饰前面分句,亦可以称修饰前面谓语动词与主语。

  选项分析:

  A.用with引导的非限定性短语做伴随状语错误,而事实上,thesis是Shopping for a Better World这本书的主题,不能作为前面整句话的伴随;thesis后面用of不好,thesis变成了某一类特定的consumers,而合理含义上应该是一个thesis应该是某个现象,因此要改为that从句(同位语从句),或者用冒号来引出从句

  B.thesis应该用同位语从句修饰,thesis of sb. doing sth.结构中thesis的核心只是sb.,而并不是”sb做某事”

  C.关系代词where指向Shopping for a Better World不恰当;冒号后虽然可以用名词短语,但此处冒号后核心意思变成了consumers,而不是”consumers怎么怎么样”,逻辑含义不符。

  D. with的错误同A;a thesis that is a simple one不简洁

  E. correct;thesis的内容是”顾客有……的能力”

  相关链接

1.GMAT语法知识点详解(十)

2.GMAT语法OG知识点集锦

3.730分在职考生谈GMAT语法

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