GMAT语法知识点详解（二十二）.

　　从今天开始澳际留学小编会为大家整理一些有关GMAT语法的试题，并附有这些试题的讲解以及GMAT语法知识点。红色标注的为每道题的正确选项，关于每道题解析中一开始的考点说明会有列举得比较详细，建议参看的战友第一次看本笔记时先跳过那些考点说明，直接看选项分析，有不懂的点再回头核对相关知识点。为不强加思维于众考生，笔记里面大多题目并没有点出做题的思维方式，只分析了错误的语法点。希望这些分析以及相关语法知识能帮到大家。更多相关问题可咨询澳际留学在线专家，如果有任何意见和建议，也请联系我们。

213. (GWD-3-Q34)

　　Shoppers in sporting goods stores, unlike in department stores, do very little impulse shopping, not buying a pair of skis and a boomerang when they come in for a basketball, but they leave with a basketball only

　　A. in department stores, do very little impulse shopping, not buying a pair of skis and a boomerang when they come in for a basketball, but they leave with a basketball only

　　B. in department stores, shop impulsively very little; someone who comes in for a basketball will leave with a basketball only and not also buy a pair of skis and a boomerang as well

　　C. those in department stores, do very little impulse shopping, do not buy a pair of skis and a boomerang when they come in for a basketball, but leave with only a basketball

　　D. those in department stores, do very little impulse shopping; someone who comes in for a basketball will leave with a basketball only and not buy a pair of skis and a boomerang as well (D)

　　E. department stores, shop impulsively very little; someone will not buy a pair of skis and a boomerang when they come in for a basketball but will leave with only a basketball

　　题目释义：Shoppers in in sporting goods stores, unlike those in department stores, do…;someone…

　　考点：

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比较(comparison) 逻辑意思(logical predication)

　　1. like/unlike比较对象要绝对对等。

　　2. 各个分句之间的逻辑关系。

　　3. 平行对称：not… but…

　　4. 副词的修饰位置：even修饰比较级时，放在比较级之前。ever放在助动词之后。only、first放在被强调的成分之前，alone放在被强调的成分之后。

　　选项分析：

　　A. shoppers和department stores不对等;not…but…不平行，应改为but leaving with a basketball only，但这样改了也有but leaving修饰they come in for a basketball的歧义，还是不好

　　B. shoppers和department stores不对等;shop impulsively very little有另一个含义：冲动地买一些小东西(little可以作为adj.，不一定是adv.)，所以还是do very little impulse shopping更明确;also和as well重复;leave with only a basketball强调的是带走的是一个篮球，而不是两个或者更多，而leave with a basketball only强调的是带走的只是篮球

　　C. do very little impules shopping和do not buy a pair of skis一个是概括，一个是细化，功能不同无法平行，而且but不能连接三个并列成分，只能连接两个，所以即便不考虑逻辑上的层次，do not buy之前也要加上and

　　D. correct;两个不同层次却有联系的句子用semicolon连接是最合适的。And…as well在此并不重复， as well修饰的是and后面的谓语动词buy(类似见prep 2-166补充说明中对but instead的说明);Only做adj.修饰basketball

　　E. shoppers和department stores不对等;shop impulsively very little错误同B;they没有指代;only放在a basketball前强调含义改变，同B

　　214. (T-9-Q31)

　　Scholars who once thought Native American literatures were solely oral narratives recorded by missionaries or anthropologists now understand this body of work to consist of both oral literatures and the written works of Native American authors, who have been publishing since 1772.

　　A. Scholars who once thought Native American literatures were solely oral narratives

　　B. Scholars thinking of Native American literatures once solely as oral narratives, and

　　C. Scholars who once had thought of Native American literatures solely as oral narratives and

　　D. Native American literatures, which some scholars once thought were solely oral narratives (A)

　　E. Native American literatures, which some scholars once, thinking they were solely oral narratives

　　题目释义： Scholars who once thought (that) NAL were narratives … now understand…

　　考点：

　　句子结构(grammatical construction) 逻辑意思(logical predication)

　　1. some scholars thought是一种特殊的语法结构，叫做“嵌入式关系分句”，具体见后面补充说明。

　　2. 过去完成时的使用必须有时间上的参照点，以显示动作发生在过去的过去。

　　3. 定语从句作定语与分词短语作定语的区别

　　(1)定语从句强调具体时间具体动作,以及动作的一次性;分词短语强调笼统不确定的时间,抽象/客观/重复性/多次性的行为 à 故定语从句变为分词时会少掉时态

　　(2)都可以接受时,分词短语优于定语从句(更简洁),定语从句要尽量转换为分词短语(但不能引起歧义)

　　(3)定语从句包含情态动词时不能转化为分词短语

　　(4)ing分词的完成时态不能充当名词的定语,必须转化为定语从句n.+ having donen. that…

　　4. think of sth. as sth.(Longman): to consider that someone or something is a particular thing or has a particular quality

　　选项分析：

　　A. correct

　　B. 用分词短语来代替定语从句去掉了时态指示词;once有修饰solely as oral narratives的歧义;and的插入使得前半句没谓语

　　C. 过去完成时表示过去的过去，在此没有必要使用过去完成时;think of sth. … as...意思是“把…看作…”，而原句表达的是“认为…是…”，故用think…as…更合适;and后recorded修饰对象不明确

　　D. 未划线部分谓语understand主语成了Native American literatures错误

　　E. “which some scholars once, thinking they were solely oral narratives”结构混乱，且which引导的定语从句没有谓语。

　　补充说明：

　　关于嵌入式关系分句—by tankobe：

　　OG12-118. The world wildlife fund has declared that global warming, a phenomenon most scientsts agree to be caused by human begings in burning fossil fuels, will create havoc among migratory birds by altering the enviroment in ways harmful to their habitats.

　　a) A phenomenon most scientists agree to be caused by human beings in burning fossil fuels,

　　b) a phenomenon most scientists agree that is caused by fossil fuels burned by human beings,

　　c) a phenomenon that most scientists agree is caused by human beings&apos burning of fossil fuels

　　d) which most scientists agree on as phenomenon caused by human beings who burn fossil fuels,

　　e) which most scientsts agree to be a phenomenon caused by fossil fuels burned by human beings

　　查了很多贴(国内和国外)，对C选项的解释都是半斤八两，看得我一头雾水!(为什么一个定语从句里有两个动词agree和is)

　　一个普遍的误读是：说most scientists agree 是插入语，虽然是没加逗号!(此解释绝对是误人子弟!!!)

　　今天我翻遍章振邦的《新编英语语法》，在1193—1395页赫然发现一个语法词条——嵌入式关系分句，详解如下：

　　“有一种关系分句(即定语从句)，它既是先行项的后置修饰语(即定语)，同时又是另外一个分句结构的宾语(即宾语从句)”此分句结构就被嵌入在定语从句中，即嵌入式关系分句。

　　该书举例：In his breast-pocket he had a patch of scarlet, which i suppose was the paper cap serving as a handkerchi.

　　注意两点：

　　1)从句which was the paper cap serving as a handkerchi 首先是 patch of scarlet的定语从句。

　　2)从句which(patch of scarlet) was the paper cap serving as a handkerchi 也是i suppose 的宾语从句，即I suppose (that)the patch of scarlet was the paper cap serving as a handkerchi 。

　　综上所述，当一个定语从句同时是另一个主谓结构的宾语从句是，就可以写为嵌入式关系分句。

　　相关链接：

1.GMAT语法：题目分类及解析

2.770分考生谈GMAT语法

3.GMAT语法必备知识点汇总