GMAT语法:代词无所指代.

　　GMAT考试中，以下四种类型题目占代词考题的近90%，以下对代词考题进行分类并给出解析，解析中重点强调代词考点，但对于没有涉及到代词的选项，也会进行详细阐述。与此同时，题目解析将严格遵守代词做题步骤图解中的步骤，待考生养成笔者强调的做题步骤，考生们将发现代词考点so easy。今天澳际留学先为大家介绍GMAT语法的一种题型：代词无所指代。更多相关问题可咨询澳际留学在线专家，如果有任何意见和建议，也请联系我们。

(三)代词无所指代例题

　　1、Many entomologists say that campaigns to eradicate the fire ant in the United States have failed because the chemicals that were used were fective only in wiping out the ant&aposs natural enemies, which made it easier for them to spread.

　　A. which made it easier for them

　　B. which makes it easier for it

　　C. thus making it easier for them

　　D. thus making it easier for the ant

　　E. thereby, it was made easier for the ant

　　题干结构：many entomologists say that campaigns....have failed because........

　　语义理解：许多昆虫学家认为，在美国去除火蚁的行动已经失败了，因为化学药剂只对火蚁的天敌有消灭作用，因此使得火蚁繁殖得更快

　　做题步骤分析：①找划线部分them的先行词，有entomologists，campaigns，chemicals等多个复数名词;②结合语义，发现前述的三个复数名词都不合适，them想指代的是ants，但却没有出现ants，因此此处them无所指代

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　　选项分析：

　　A.them无所指代，用法错误

　　B.第二个it有与makes it 中的it这个to spread的形式宾语表示同一意思的歧义，

　　C.同A

　　D.正确

　　E.it此处想要指代because引导的原因从句，但it不能指代从句或句子

　　引申：it的用法只有三种：1、特指句子中出现的某个单数或不可数的名词，但不可以特指前面出现的整个句子

　　2、形式主语或形式宾语：It is +adj + to do/ that

　　3、强调句：It is + 被强调部分+ that/who

　　the ant’s natural enemies，中的the ant不可以作为代词的先行词，因为the ant’s是个整体，在修饰后卖弄的enemies，中心词为enemies

　　2、The results of the company’s cost- cutting measures are evident in its profits, which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell over the last two years.

　　A.which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell

　　B.which had increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it had fallen

　　C.which have increased five percent during the first three months of this year after falling

　　D.with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after falling

　　E.with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after having fallen

　　题干结构：the results of ..........are evident

　　语义理解：这个公司成本削减的手段对利润的影响是非常明显的，它的利润经过两年的下降后在今年前三个月已经增长了5%。

　　做题步骤分析：①首先寻找划线部分it的先行词，发行没有先行词，因为前面都是复数名词;②结合语义，此处想要表达的是利润下降，因此it使用多余且不正确

　　选项分析：

　　A.it与先行词单复数不一致，使用错误

　　B.同A

　　C.正确

　　D.

　　E.

　　引申思考：如果此处把it换成they对吗?

　　答：即使换成they在这里也不正确，做主语的代词优先指代前面主语，they在优先指代the results，显然逻辑语义不对。

　　3、In California today, Hispanics under the age of eighteen account for more than 43 percent, compared with a decade ago, when it was about 35 percent.

　　A. In California today, Hispanics under the age of eighteen account for more than 43 percent, compared with a decade ago, when it was about 35 percent.

　　B. Of the Californians under the age of eighteen, today more than 43 percent of them are Hispanic, compared with a decade ago, when it was about 35 percent.

　　C. Today, more than 43 percent of Californians under the age of eighteen are Hispanic, compared with about 35 percent a decade ago.

　　D. Today, compared to a decade ago, Californians who are Hispanics under the age of eighteen account for more than 43 percent, whereas it was about 35 percent.

　　E. Today, Hispanics under the age of eighteen in California account for more than 43 percent, unlike a decade ago, when it was about 35 percent.

　　题干结构：Hispanics account for........

　　语义理解：当今，18岁以下的加利福尼亚人有43%是西班牙人，十年前35%是西班牙人。

　　做题步骤分析：①首先找划线部分it的先行词，the age of eighteen，43%虽然是单数名词，带入语义不符合逻辑意思;②it不可以指代整个句子，所以此处it无所指代的内容

　　选项分析：

　　A.it用法错误

　　B.it用法错误

　　C.正确

　　D.it用法错误

　　E.it用法错误

　　4、In 1713, Alexander Pope began his translation of the Iliad, a work that, taking him seven years until completion, and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary, pronounced the greatest translation in any language.

　　A. his translation of the Iliad, a work that, taking him seven years until completion, and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary, pronounced

　　B. his translation of the Iliad, a work that took him seven years to complete and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary, pronounced

　　C. his translation of the Iliad, a work that had taken seven years to complete and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary, pronounced it is

　　D. translating the Iliad, a work that took seven years until completion and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary, pronounced it as

　　E. translating the Iliad, a work that had taken seven years to complete and literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary, pronounced it

　　题干结构：AP began his translation of the Illiad, a work that...............

　　语义理解：1713年，AP开始他对Iliad的翻译，这个翻译花费他七年才完成，并被SJ评为最伟大的翻译。

　　做题步骤分析：D选项：①首先找划线部分it的先行词，先行词从语义上可判断为a work;②把a work带入划线部分代替it，a work that SJ pronounced a work as....，显然此处it多余

　　选项分析：

　　A.that, taking....., and that，显然结构不对，taking不应该作为插入语

　　B.正确

　　C.had taken时态错误，此处应该用过去式

　　D.it多余

　　E.it多余

　　5、The computer company’s present troubles are a result of technological stagnation, marketing missteps, and managerial blunders so that several attempts to revise corporate strategies have failed to correct it.

　　A. so that several attempts to revise corporate strategies have failed to correct it.

　　B. so that several attempts at revising corporate strategies have failed to correct.

　　C. in that several attempts at revising corporate strategies have failed to correct them.

　　D. that several attempts to revise corporate strategies have failed to correct.

　　E. that several attempts at revising corporate strategies have failed to correct them.

　　题干结构：troubles are a result of.........that ........

　　语义理解：电脑公司现在的麻烦是由技术停滞、市场失策、管理失灵这些问题引起的，一些试图改变公司策略来改正这些问题的举措失败了。

　　做题步骤分析：①首先找划线部分it的先行词，结合语义，发现没有可指代的内容;②如果把it换成them呢?them结合语义，可被理解为指代technological stagnation, marketing missteps, and managerial blunders，带入代词后为technological stagnation, marketing missteps, and managerial blunders that several attempts have failed to correct technological stagnation, marketing missteps, and managerial blunders，显然此处的代词多余

　　选项分析：

　　A.it无所指代

　　B.so that导致逻辑语义错误

　　C.them多余

　　D.正确

　　E.them多余

　　引申：

　　n that SV n是错误的结构

　　6、Japan’s abundant rainfall and the typically mild temperature throughout most of the country have produced a lush vegetation cover and, despite the mountainous terrain and generally poor soils, it has made possible the raising of a variety of crops.

　　A.it has made possible the raising of

　　B.has made it possible for them to raise

　　C.have made it possible to raise

　　D.have made it possible for raising

　　E.thus making it possible for them to raise

　　题干结构：Japan’s abundant rainfall and the typically mild temperature have ....and have...

　　语义理解：日本充足的雨水和湿润的气候供给出繁茂的植被，尽管山路崎岖、土壤贫瘠，仍可以使得日本人种植多种粮食。

　　做题步骤分析：B选项：①首先找出划线部分them的先行词，只有abundant rainfall and the typically mild temperature这个可能性;②带入划线部分替换them后，逻辑语义是错误的，因此them使用错误，them本想指代的是日本人，此处没有出现，所以them无所指代

　　选项分析：

　　A.it指代错误，应该用they，因为想要表示的是abundant rainfall and the typically mild temperature made it possible to .....

　　B.them无所指代

　　C.正确

　　D.make it adj to do sth

　　E.同B、

　　相关链接：

1.GMAT语法：题目分类及解析

2.大牛谈GMAT考试怎样拿760：GMAT语法

3.分阶段备战GMAT语法