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GMAT语法探秘.

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  在GMAT考试机考中, verbal部分有41道题,其中改错占了16-18道题,约占verbal部分的40%, 在机考verbal的前10道题中,改错约占4-6题。而前10道题的正确率决定了你所答的该套GMAT题目的难度系数。换言之,若前10道题的正确率很高,则其后题目的难度系数将会保持很高的水准----预示着你的高分;而若前10题正确率很低,其后题目的分值会有所降低,这样即使你在后面的31题中正确率较高,也很难提高最后得分, 所以GMAT语法改错考试是决定你考试成败的关健。

  GMAT机考常见问题分析

  虽然中国考生语法是强项, 但GMAT考试中所考语法严格遵循标准书面语规则,所以很多在TOEFL考试中正确的语法现象在GMAT考试中并不成为正确答案。而且GMAT 语法中有好多语法点与通常我们所学的,甚至一些语法书籍给出的规则不尽相同,所以好多校大学生考生,甚至毕业工作多年的职业经理人在参加GMAT考试时,都感到GMAT语法改错题无从入手,找不到合适的切入点。为什么会出现这种现象,主要有下列几个原因:

  1. GMAT 语法考试以改错的形式来考,题目中所涉及的错误类型都是非英语为母语国家的人最常犯的错误:如代词指代错误,主谓一致错误,虚拟语气现象,比较对象对等,平行结构错误等

  2. GMAT 语法考试中的句子过长,一个句子由40-50左右个单词构成,而且句式复杂,且有些句子完全划线,使得做题者无从入手。如:

  formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity do not apply to new small business in the same way as they do to establish big businesses, because they are growing and are seldom in equilibrium.

  3.GMAT 语法要求严格,口语化的表达均为错。好多同学长期以来习惯靠语感做题,好多语感是建立在口语的基础之上,所以很难找出原句所存在的问题,而且有些语感还是错误的。从我多年教学经验来看,之所以存在错误的语感可能是因为听力不好,好多连读弱读失音等现象没听出来,自以为句子就是那样构成;或所学口语过于俚语化,有些口语是redneck 所说的,劳动人民的语言很少遵循严格的语法规则。

  4.GMAT语法中所考的语法规则严格遵循标准书面语规则。GMAT 语法中有好多语法点与通常我们所学的,甚至一些语法书籍的规则不尽相同,成为同学们考试过程中有又一个障碍。我们曾学过“which”可指代前面整个句子的用法,例如张道真实用语法中有这样一个句子:he always changes his mind , which makes me angry. 在此句中,which指前面整个句子,但在GMAT看来,which不能指代前面整个句子,因而此句话是错误的。又如在口语中可以用IF表示是否,而在GMAT 语法中均为错的。再如在张道真语法中我们学习过状从省略必须满足三个原则1) 常见特殊的引导词 2) 从句本身必须是主系表结构 3) 从句的主语和主句的主语必须保持一致, 三个条件同时满足情况下才可以省略---省略时必须主系同进同出。从这几条分析 when he is a student, he read a lot.可以省略为 when a student, he read a lot. 而在GMAT TOEFL 中这种省略均为错的,换句话说省略不能留下名词。这与张道真以及国内四级等考试中的语法现象相悖。类似的问题不胜枚举,同学们在做题过程中碰到此类问题时,应调整自已的思维指向ETS的思维。目前我们所掌握的语法点是可以应付GMAT语法考试的, 只是我们不知ETS 要考我们什么而已。

  GMAT语法考题应对办法

  对常见语法现象要进行总结和归纳,在此基础上找合理的题目的切入点。实际上一个题目拿过来好多同学只是找不到切入点,而在课堂学习过程中又发现老师讲时思路是如此清楚,听得也很明白,如果选不出正确答案都想自杀。很多情况下老师在讲题时给了你切入的思路,其实此时不讲题目而是直接说此题考的是主谓不一致、修饰语修饰错误、你肯定可以改过来,只是你不知该如何寻找这个点而已。这种会改错,却找不到错的尴尬存在于很多考生当中。我根据多年来的考试教学实践总结出下列GMAT解题几大法宝, 把握这些点可以解决GMAT考试中接近一半的考题,下面只介绍其中四点:

  第一法宝: 一句话的时态是通过谓语动词来反映的,由时间状语来决定的.所以划线部分如果有动词则第一反映是不是谓语:

  一)如果是, 谓语划线考法有三个1)主谓一致2)时态 3)被动(很简单) 记住一句话 谓语划线看主语,主谓一致看状语.如

  The rise in the Commerce Department’s index of leading economic indicators suggest that the economy should continue its expansion into the coming months, but that the mixed performance of the index’s individual components indicates that economic growth will proceed at a more moderate pace than in the first quarter of this year.

  A suggest that the economy should continue its expansion into the coming months, but that

  B suggest that the economy is to continue expansion into the coming months but

  C suggests that the economy will continue its expanding in the coming months, but that

  D suggests that the economy is continuing to expand in the coming months, but that

  E suggests that the economy will continue to expand in the coming month, but

  此句划线部分则有谓语动词考的则的主谓一致的问题 主语为单数的rise 所以谓语应用单数, 此题也考了另外的一个常考语法点but 后是加平行结构还是转折连词作用,此题中是.转折词则要直接加主谓所以答案为 E

  二) 如果不是, 则为非谓语动词. 常考在句首做状语逻辑主语为句子主语,或介词+分词其逻辑主语也为句子主语, 在句尾表示伴随动作状态, 伴随功能结果. 当然还有其他用法但考的频率没上述点考的高.重点掌握上述考点可解决多于一半的分词题目

  如:

  Reared apart from each other, a recent united states study showed striking similarities in identical twins including many idiosyncrasies of behavior.

  A Reared apart from each other, a recent united states study showed striking similarities in identical twins including many idiosyncrasies of behavior.

  B Reared apart from each other , striking similarities between identical twins that include many idiosyncrasies of behavior were shown in a recent United states study.

  C A recent United states study showed striking similarities in identical twins reared apart from each other that include many idiosyncrasies of behavior

  D According to a recent United states study , identical twins reared apart from each other showed striking similarities , including many idiosyncrasies of behavior.

  E According to a recent united states study, identical twins showed striking similarities reared apart from each other, including many idiosyncrasies behavior.

  此题从题目划线部分可以看出rear apart 其逻辑主语为句子主语而study 不能被分开来抚养. B 相似性也不能分开抚养 C定语从句修饰要贴近先行词否则会引起争议,D为正确答案.

  第二法宝:

  划线部分有无代词, 如果有80%都是错的.找其指代注意划线与未划线部分的协调.

  The only way for growers to salvage frozen citrus is to process them quickly into juice concentrate bore they rot when warmer weather returns.

  A. to process them quickly into juice concentrate bore they rot when warmer weather returns.

  B if they are quickly processed into juice concentrate bore warmer weather returns to rot them

  C for them to be processed quickly into juice concentrate bore the fruit rots when warmer weather returns

  D if the fruit is quickly processed into juice concentrate bore they rot when warmer weather returns.

  E to have it quickly processed into juice concentrate bore warmer weather returns and rots the fruit.

  此题考点有两个1) 代词指代错 物质名词为单数处理 citrus 2) the only way is to do 固定用法,所以答案为 E

  第三法宝: 平行结构有无的判断

  在GMAT考试中平行结构是出错较高的语法点之一, 注意下列几点:

  1形式对称

  1) 连接词的正确使用 and /or/ but yet / both and / not only but also/ either or/not but rather than ,not X but (rather) Y ,more X than Y, the same to X as to Y  ,

  2)常用的并列形式:

  A)语法上对称,如to do is to do..;

  B)定语从句并列必须承前使用相同的代词

  C) 宾语从句并列 overestimate that and underestimate that

  D)过去分词可以与现在分词并列 what 从句可以与名词并列

  2概念对等

  A) 抽象名词不能对具体名词 slowing growth or damaging forest

  B)动作名词不能对纯名词 assignment or staff

  C).整体名词不能对个体概念 no money or staff members

  D).泛指不能对特指 less lending and the increased pressure

  3.功能相同

  定语从句不能与状语从句并列, WHAT从句不能与HOW 从句并列

  4.连接词所连接的对象不要引起争议如有争议则通过补出介词来解决

  suspect the police of having taped their conversation and of using

  总结:

  1.见到谓语看主语,主谓一致看状语

  2.见到代词找指代,指代通常不合理

  3.见到平行看结构,形式功能要对称

  第四法宝,见到比较看对象,对象通常不可以。

  在GMAT考试过程中特别喜欢考比较对象对等。

  经过了GMAT语法的一番探秘,大家应该对GMAT考试中处理GMAT语法问题不再迷茫了,也希望大家都能在GMAT考试中取得佳绩。

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