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以下是澳际留学为您收集的2010年11月GMAT机经，2010年11月GMAT阅读机经，共51篇。澳际留学祝您考试顺利!
1段：说之前表明13世纪才有人到那去，但是一个神马关于老鼠的carbon-date 是AD300年就有了，很多人认为是实验出错了
然后第二段有个人跳出来说刚刚他们也做了同样的实验 发现时1289年的。
最后一段是说反驳之前有人说人类在AD300去了之后导致了鸟和frog的灭绝 这里有考点。问这段的作用
考古
老鼠实验证明新西兰人的出现时间
来自ScienceDaily。这再一次证明ScienceDaily是个好的泛读材料。
New Zealand&aposs Colonization 1000 Years Later Than Previously Thought?
ScienceDaily (June 4, 2008) — The dating project, in one of the largest studies of its kind, has shown that the country was not visited by humans over 2000 years ago, as some previous research suggests.
An international team of researchers, led by Dr Janet Wilmshurst from Landcare Research, spent 4 years on the project which shows conclusively that the earliest evidence for human colonisation is about 1280-1300 AD, and no earlier. They based their results on new radiocarbon dating of Pacific rat bones and rat-gnawed seeds. Their results do not support previous radiocarbon dating of Pacific rat bones which implied a much earlier human contact about 200 BC.
The original old rat bones dates have been hotly debated ever since they were published in Nature in 1996. The ages are controversial because there is no supporting ecological or archaeological evidence for the presence of kiore or humans until 1280-1300 AD and the reliability of the bone dating has been questioned. This is the first time that the actual sites involved in the original study have been re-excavated and analyzed.
Dr Wilmshurst and her team researchers re-excavated and re-dated bones from nearly all of the previously investigated sites. All of their new radiocarbon dates on kiore bones are no older than 1280 AD. This is consistent with other evidence from the oldest dated archaeological sites, Maori whakapapa, widespread forest clearance by fire and a decline in the population of marine and land-based fauna.
“As the Pacific rat or kiore cannot swim very far, it can only have arrived in New Zealand with people on board their canoes, either as cargo or stowaways. Therore, the earliest evidence of the Pacific rat in New Zealand must indicate the arrival of people” Dr Wilmshurst said.
The dating of the rat bones was also supported by the dating of over a hundred woody seeds, many of which had distinctive tell-tale rat bite marks, preserved in peat and swamp sites from the North and South Islands.
“These rat-gnawed seeds provide strong additional evidence for the arrival of rats, and therore humans, and are an indirect way of testing the veracity of the dates we have done on rat bones,” said Dr Tom Higham, Deputy Director of the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit at Oxford University.
Rats leave rows of narrow grooves or bite marks on woody seed cases when they gnaw open the seed, and these distinctive teeth marks can be seen with the naked eye. “The width of the teeth marks lt on the woody seeds exactly match those of a rat&aposs two front teeth, and cannot be mistaken for any other seed predator. We have dated over 100 individual seeds, some rat-gnawed, others intact or bird-cracked, which show that rat gnawed seeds only occur in both the North and South Islands of New Zealand after about 1280 AD”, Dr Wilmshurst said.
With over 165 dates on seeds and bones from a large number of sites, the overwhelming evidence suggests that rats and their human carriers did not reach New Zealand until about 1280 AD.
15. 老鼠实验证明新西兰人的出现时间
By simple874还考到了一篇是讲new zeland的，关于pollution的。大致是先提到以前的研究认为这个地方开始有生物是什么什么时候，第二段说谁在哪儿发现了rat的骨头还是化石好像，总之最后说那个地方有人类有生物被污染是近600年的事（这是到考题）
by天堂之门(660)关于新西兰和老鼠的，说有一种争论，关于新西兰最早的人来是出现在十三世纪还是200BC，但是由于后一种说法一直没有一个确切的考古发现，所以受到反对者的批判。
第二段讲一哥们儿进行了一下发掘，就是他的这个发掘过程
第三段最后说这个发现很重要，确定了关于人类和老鼠的出现所造成的破坏（破坏森林，而且老鼠还导致了几种鸟类的灭亡）的时间应该是十三世纪之后，
考古
版本一、carriemo700+
分两段，第一段说普遍认为XX人是13世纪到的某某地方。但是有一项研究，通过对老鼠什么什么的碳元素定位（这些老鼠是XX人出现才带去的），结果说XX人应该在200 B.C. 就出现了。然后说因为没有任何其他证据可以表明XX人arrive so early, 所以这个数据的得出一定是实验中出了问题。
第二段接下来说recently O科学家也做了个类似的实验，用的也是这些老鼠什么什么，但结果发现出现时间是1280年左右，所以说明了之前那个实验的确有问题。然后接下来又说因为证据表明XX人没那么早出现，所以他们引起的什么森林退化啊物种灭绝啊也没那么早开始。文章不难，一会儿就能看完，题目也还好，就是有一题我纠结了一下，好像是说第一段里面说这个实验有问题的人持什么观点。有一个选项说他的结论是基于O科学家的研究结果。因为O的研究是recently的，而那个观点好像之前就出现了所以我没选。这题每个选项都很陷阱，要推敲一下。
版本二、kathy1988
还有一篇是关于类似新西兰人什么时候出现 用的方法是对rat进行实验 第一段是说之前学者根据RAT 认定新西兰人与某某时间出现但批评者认为实验有误 这个认定是不对的 第二段讲某人对RAT进行了新的实验 得出结论 第三段是讲这个结论还能证明关于新西兰其他某个东西的研究(此处有题)
版本三、小卡慢悠悠
第一段说在1960s，专家A通过碳什么检测新西兰某个山洞里的猴子骨头，发现这些猴子是很久很久以前就来到新西兰（一个远远早于当时所认为的猴子到来的时间），但是没有其他的证据显示这个settlement，所以可能是研究发生了错误。
第二段说后来，检测手段进步，专家B又去那个被认为最古老的山洞，找了里面其他的猴子骨头来检测，发现时间根本没那么久远，又检测了一些山洞里的seeds，时间比猴子骨头要久远，但是有猴子咬过的seeds的年代还是与猴子骨头检测出来的结果差不多。
第三段，说这个专家B的研究提供了有力的证明，什么人类造成当地动物灭绝的历史并没有那么长（最后一段记不清了）
有一道主旨题,应该选说明了一个研究,并且用这个研究去反对前面研究的结果.题目不难
有一题考的是第三段中的research说明一下哪个是对的
版本四、zliycwn1
第 一段：新西兰有被确定说过是13世纪才发现的，但是有carbon dating说有老鼠， which are brought by human beins，的骨头是200.B.C.的，这个结论是1996年得到的，不过人们普遍说这个结论是因为errors added in the lab导致的。
第 二段：某team用更好carbon dating的技术去研究the rat bone found in the same site of 1996 (同一地点，但不是同一个sample，此处有选项)，证实了是1280年左右的，和之前的research相符（说明不是一个surprise的发现，
有选项）。In addition, 他们还发现了the oldest site有一些种子是4000年前的，但是那些有一些有老鼠咬痕的咬痕都是1280年的。
第三段：这个结果devastate在新西兰人类对环境的影响，doresting…并没有那么早开始…
有一题目是说最后一段的作用，我选的是这个研究结果对其他领域研究的影响
还有题说怎样能使某team的说法不成立
我选的是那些种子上的咬痕是别的动物的…（不确定）
还有题问哪个是正确的
A 某team research 很surprise地发现是1280年的（错，因为和之前research 相符）
B 某team 的sample和96年的是一致的
C 96年的research 没看到4000年的种子作为证据…（有可能是另外题里的…）
以下是澳际留学为您收集的2010年11月GMAT机经，2010年11月GMAT阅读机经，共51篇。澳际留学祝您考试顺利!
GMAT机经：2010年11月GMAT阅读机经（至11.30）（十二）GMAT机经：2010年11月GMAT阅读机经（至11.30）（十二）以下是澳际留学为您收集的2010年11月GMAT机经，2010年11月GMAT阅读机经，共51篇。澳际留学祝您考试顺利!
1段：说之前表明13世纪才有人到那去，但是一个神马关于老鼠的carbon-date 是AD300年就有了，很多人认为是实验出错了
然后第二段有个人跳出来说刚刚他们也做了同样的实验 发现时1289年的。
最后一段是说反驳之前有人说人类在AD300去了之后导致了鸟和frog的灭绝 这里有考点。问这段的作用
考古
老鼠实验证明新西兰人的出现时间
来自ScienceDaily。这再一次证明ScienceDaily是个好的泛读材料。
New Zealand&aposs Colonization 1000 Years Later Than Previously Thought?
ScienceDaily (June 4, 2008) — The dating project, in one of the largest studies of its kind, has shown that the country was not visited by humans over 2000 years ago, as some previous research suggests.
An international team of researchers, led by Dr Janet Wilmshurst from Landcare Research, spent 4 years on the project which shows conclusively that the earliest evidence for human colonisation is about 1280-1300 AD, and no earlier. They based their results on new radiocarbon dating of Pacific rat bones and rat-gnawed seeds. Their results do not support previous radiocarbon dating of Pacific rat bones which implied a much earlier human contact about 200 BC.
The original old rat bones dates have been hotly debated ever since they were published in Nature in 1996. The ages are controversial because there is no supporting ecological or archaeological evidence for the presence of kiore or humans until 1280-1300 AD and the reliability of the bone dating has been questioned. This is the first time that the actual sites involved in the original study have been re-excavated and analyzed.
Dr Wilmshurst and her team researchers re-excavated and re-dated bones from nearly all of the previously investigated sites. All of their new radiocarbon dates on kiore bones are no older than 1280 AD. This is consistent with other evidence from the oldest dated archaeological sites, Maori whakapapa, widespread forest clearance by fire and a decline in the population of marine and land-based fauna.
“As the Pacific rat or kiore cannot swim very far, it can only have arrived in New Zealand with people on board their canoes, either as cargo or stowaways. Therore, the earliest evidence of the Pacific rat in New Zealand must indicate the arrival of people” Dr Wilmshurst said.
The dating of the rat bones was also supported by the dating of over a hundred woody seeds, many of which had distinctive tell-tale rat bite marks, preserved in peat and swamp sites from the North and South Islands.
“These rat-gnawed seeds provide strong additional evidence for the arrival of rats, and therore humans, and are an indirect way of testing the veracity of the dates we have done on rat bones,” said Dr Tom Higham, Deputy Director of the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit at Oxford University.
Rats leave rows of narrow grooves or bite marks on woody seed cases when they gnaw open the seed, and these distinctive teeth marks can be seen with the naked eye. “The width of the teeth marks lt on the woody seeds exactly match those of a rat&aposs two front teeth, and cannot be mistaken for any other seed predator. We have dated over 100 individual seeds, some rat-gnawed, others intact or bird-cracked, which show that rat gnawed seeds only occur in both the North and South Islands of New Zealand after about 1280 AD”, Dr Wilmshurst said.
With over 165 dates on seeds and bones from a large number of sites, the overwhelming evidence suggests that rats and their human carriers did not reach New Zealand until about 1280 AD.
15. 老鼠实验证明新西兰人的出现时间
By simple874还考到了一篇是讲new zeland的，关于pollution的。大致是先提到以前的研究认为这个地方开始有生物是什么什么时候，第二段说谁在哪儿发现了rat的骨头还是化石好像，总之最后说那个地方有人类有生物被污染是近600年的事（这是到考题）
by天堂之门(660)关于新西兰和老鼠的，说有一种争论，关于新西兰最早的人来是出现在十三世纪还是200BC，但是由于后一种说法一直没有一个确切的考古发现，所以受到反对者的批判。 第二段讲一哥们儿进行了一下发掘，就是他的这个发掘过程 第三段最后说这个发现很重要，确定了关于人类和老鼠的出现所造成的破坏（破坏森林，而且老鼠还导致了几种鸟类的灭亡）的时间应该是十三世纪之后， 上12下
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