GMAT考试 5月7日更新GMAT阅读机经(八).

　　GMAT考试已于5月4日正式更换题库了。以下是2012年5月的GMAT阅读机经更新，更新日期从5月4日起，澳际留学小编将为您提供最快，最新的GMAT阅读机经。澳际留学祝大家GMAT考试顺利!　阅读机经使用说明：*代表有考古，橘色代表狗主及其V部分的成绩，绿色代表考古标志，凡是未确认的都有灰色底色，没底色的就是已经确认了，紫色代表参考答案，红色代表重要提示，靛蓝代表参考文献，文章中的各种底色代表问题答案所对应的原文段落，详情请见问题后面的紫色描述。

14.风景画与抽象画

　　V1：说两个人做了个全球范围内的调查，结果是什么(lush。。。)树花什么的风景画比抽象画更受喜爱(大概吧，翻译能力有限)，后面就是对这一结果的解释。第二段说是从用风景画的calendar可以看出来。第三段是用ancestor作解释

　　By GT720110

　　V2：首先是说统计数据显示风景画更流行，第二短讲日历，这一段题目很多，认真看(反正我是凭感觉了)，第二段末尾有道题目，大家注意，大意是说日历为什么insufficient去解释这个现象。第三段基本没题目，讲另一个观点。

　　by LeslieYYQ

　　V3: 已经忘了第几段了，可能是第三段，讲即使是古代人，不论生活在何种环境下，向往的东东(风景)竟然有相似性，然后就说可能受***的影响。这个点后面有题问到。

　　By 简奕 (v 25)

　　V4: 有风景画和抽象画的流行程度，第一段说风景画很流行，第二段给出了一个解释说可能是calendar里含有的风景画影响了人们的prerence，但是也有很多calendar不是风景画类型的(这里有题);最后一段又提出了一个解释说可能是人们自古以来就愿意住在有山有水有资源的地方，利于繁衍后代。。。

　　By yaoqiyancoco (v 36)

　　15*. 气候变化

　　V1:关于一个现象(貌似是地球长期以来，40million years气候变化)的解释，第一段是一个school给的解释是大陆变化之类的原因，第二段是说另一个学校给力不同的解释，说是因为carbon的一系列变化导致的，但是要完成整个过程需要tens to hundreds million years(这里有个考题哦，I’m sure)，还用某R的观点来support。(不过有个weaken题，选一个削弱R的)

　　By GT720110

　　考古：

　　科学家发现最近40million years，地球不再是原来那么warm和wet了(此处有题)，先给出了一个流派的若干解释：随着二氧化碳的增多，大气的降水中融解了二氧化碳，这些水降到海面，被各种过程吸收，然后沉积到海底，虽然到海底这些c最终还是要回到大气中，但是这个过程需要hundreds of millions of years(隐含40百万年对它来说是相对短的过程，此处有题)，另外陆面也对二氧化碳的吸收起到一定作用，而且随着内海的面积逐渐减少，陆面的面积越来越大因而吸收c也越多。第一段的末尾说这个解释不错，但作为唯一的解释未免不让人信服。

　　第二段是讲好像叫M R的人提出一种观点，对第一段的解释起到支持作用，他说地质演变抬高了陆地某些位置，高了之后会有更多的fresh岩石吸收c，而且因为抬高了后这些位置比较陡，降水可以更好的冲走这些吸收了c的岩石。提出的新观点觉得有二个重要原因

　　a. weathering的过程　(即对第一段的解释起到支持作用); b. 岩石陆地的上升strengthen了weathering的过程

　　1.一个题目在第一段，问现在环境跟原来环境有什么区别，选择较Warm, Wet(此题也许是取非题，问现在的环境怎么样，那以前的来取非)

　　2.第二段，这个过程(二氧化碳溶解沉入海底再回到大气这个过程)需要hundreds of millions of years(隐含40百万年对它来说是相对短的过程，此处有题)

　　3.有一个Except题(注意第二段中的机理讨论部分，见版本6的总结)

　　4.然后有一个应该是取非条件的(注意第二段中的机理讨论部分，见版本6的总结)

　　5.R科学家提出，有逻辑题，以下哪项weaken了R的观点，定位于二段后半部分. 注意R的观点有两个部分　a.weathering的过程　(即对第一段的解释起到支持作用); b.岩石陆地的上升strengthen了weathering的过程.这题要削弱的应该是第二个观点

　　6.第二段全划线，机理题

　　参考文献：

　　(原题应该和这篇文章有很大关系，原题文章第一段像是从这篇文章前两段精简的，第二段就是这篇文章后面的部分摘的，不过少了很多~我做的题有一道主旨，其他题全在第二段。还有就是原题强调了二氧化碳的影响过程需要很长时间，“温室效应”倒是没出现。上面黄底部分我有一些印象~~~红色部分确定有~仅供参考

　　-- by 会员GT720110)

　　During the past 40 million years, and particularly during the past 15 million years, this warm, wet climate largely disappeared. Colder climates and much greater regional extremes of precipitation have developed. What caused this cooling and diversification of climate and vegetation into a complex mosaic of many regionally distinctive types?

　　One school of thought focuses on the changing positions of the earth’s continents and oceans. The Atlantic Ocean has expanded at the expense of the Pacific Ocean, whereas an ancient equatorial sea that extended across much of Eurasia (called the Tethys Sea) has shrunk to become the modern, much smaller Mediterranean Sea

　　. In addition, the fraction of continents flooded by shallow inland seas has slowly decreased, exposing large amounts of land and creating climates less moderated by the temperature-stabilizing fects of oceans. Computer model simulations show that changes in the arrangement of the continents and the size of inland seas can have important fects on global climate over very long intervals of geologic time. But they are significantly less convincing as sole explanations for the dramatic changes of the past 40 million years.

　　Another possibility is a long-term decline in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, which would lessen the amount of heat trapped by the atmosphere and lead to “greenhouse cooling.” The amount of carbon dioxide in the earth’s atmosphere over million-year timescales is controlled by two major processes. Chemical weathering of continental rocks removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and carries it in dissolved chemical from to the ocean, where it is taken in by marine biota and deposited in sediments on the seafloor.Tectonic activity eventually frees this trapped carbon dioxide, in the earth’s lithospheric plates transports the seafloor to ocean trenches, where subduction carries old crust and sediments down toward the earth’s hot interior. At great depths, the sediments melt, releasing carbon dioxide, which emerges from the volcanic islands that overlie the buried curst and rejoins the atmosphere, completing the cycle.

　　If the pace of seafloor spreading (and hence of subduction) slowed significantly, less carbon dioxide would be vented to the atmosphere, the atmosphere would become relatively depleted of carbon dioxide and temperatures would fall. In fact, globally averaged seafloor spreading rates slow little or no net change in the past 40 million years. Subduction and volcanism eventually return the carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, but this process requires a long time (tens to hundreds of millions of years) to complete.

　　Plateau uplift may alter climate by increasing chemical weathering of rocks, thereby reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. Carbon dioxide combines with rainwater and ground water to form carbonic acid, which reacts with silicate minerals in rocks during weathering. The resulting bicarbonate ions drain into the oceans, where they are taken up by marine animals such as plankton and corals and eventually deposited on the seafloor. The net fect is that chemical weathering removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and locks it away at the bottom of the oceans.

　　Maureen Raymo proposed that uplift of plateaus and mountain ranges has increased the rate of chemical erosion of continental rock on the globally averaged basis. Uplift could enhance chemical weathering in several ways. Heavy monsoons, which develop at the margins of plateaus, unleash particularly intense rainfall. In these regions, uplift-related faulting and folding also expose fresh rock to the weathering process. Moreover, the steeper slopes created by plateau uplift cause faster runoff, which removes erosion products and intensifies the chemical attack on the rock. Raymo suggests that long-term uplift in Tibet and other regions may have increased the rate at which carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere. In this way, concentrations would have fallen even though the amount of carbon dioxide exhaled by volcanoes (as inferred from seafloor spreading rates) remained nearly constant. Falling carbon dioxide levels would reduce the ability of the atmosphere to retain heat, thereby amplifying the global cooling

相关链接：

1.GMAT考试 5月7日更新GMAT阅读机经(九)

2.GMAT考试 5月8日更新GMAT数学机经（二）

3.GMAT阅读常见题型解题攻略：写法性主题题