GMAT阅读机经整理：灰色经济.

　　3月2日换库后，小编为大家整理这个月的GMAT阅读机经，这篇GMAT阅读机经是关于灰色经济的文章，考生朋友可以看看，下面的内容为考古内容，分享给大家，希望对大家有所帮助，文中观点仅供参考。

　　[V1]

　　又想起来一个阅读，灰色经济。

　　这好像是第一个题目的答案Greek比瑞士高

　　最后一题

　　其中一个问题是根据文中促成gray economy发展的因素，那个选项其策略类似于可以阻止gray economy发展的策略，两个选项比较纠结，一个是教练给运动员们一个总的比赛方针，但没规定他们面对面单挑的战术，另一个是学校制定 sufficient for learning的规章但该规章又不至于严格到促使学生去do stealth

　　考古已确认

　　V1

　　这篇文章不短，一个屏左右

　　第一段对GrayEconomy定义，说是GrayEconomy指的是不受政府管制的经济活动，然后举了好几个例子(好像是这样)说明这个GrayEconomy的含义

　　第二段大意是说研究表明，政府管制越costly而且越严格的话，Gray Economy占GDP的比重就越大，然后举了几个例子，说希腊、西班牙、比利时比美国、瑞士、加拿大GrayEconomy占GDP的比重都要大。

　　第三段的大意是说GrayEconomy基本都是个人或者小企业为主，因为如果他们发展壮大了就会引起政府的注意，政府监管会更厉害。然后说因为小，所以他们innovation的程度不高，因为innovation给大批量生产东西的企业带来的成本节省比较大，对中小企业没有什么意义，所以GrayEconomy的中小企业都不采用新技术。

　　1 主旨

　　2 一个类比(analogy)的题目，说政府为了减少GrayEconomy在GDP的比重，采取额措施和下列哪个选项的道理类似，2个重要选项：一个是教练给运动员们一个总的比赛方针，但没规定他们面对面单挑的战术，另一个是学校制定 sufficient forlearning的规章但该规章又不至于严格到促使学生去do stealth。狗主选(C)学校的principal规定了大概的sufficient的规章制度，但是这些制度都不严格，其他的看着都不像

　　3 inferGray Economy的企业哪些方面会受到限制：A雇员数量，主要根据最后一段的意思推断的。

　　4 判断题：希腊比瑞士高

　　5 gray economy下面的企业的特点：人数会比较少，有个干扰项是他们采用新技术的ability，我想文章说的是他们由于人数少而不愿意采用新技术，所以排除

　　阅读材料：

　　If so,then depending on your local laws you may have been participating in whateconomists call the "informal" or "grey" economy. Inessence, the grey economy consists of legal activities whose participants failto pay tax or comply with regulations. The informal (or "underground"or "parallel" economy) is often taken to mean something broader,including illegal activities such as prostitution and drug dealing as well,although there is no agreed strict dinition.

　　The greyeconomy is often thought of as something found at the margins of poorcountries, such as a hawker stand in Thailand or a roadside vendor in Ghana.But that is misleading. Although it represents a greater share of total outputin poor countries, it exists in rich and poor places alike. Recent researchsuggests that the grey economy is growing. Moreover, a new study suggests thatit may be slowing the overall economic growth of developing countries.

　　By itsvery nature, the informal economy&aposs size in any country is hard to observe. Ina paper published a couple of years ago ("Size and Measurement of theInformal Economy in 110Countries Around the World," World Bank WorkingPaper, July 2002), Friedrich Schneider, of the Johannes Kepler University ofLinz, exhaustively examined the ways of estimating it. There are two basicapproaches. The first is direct: you could ask people whether they dodge taxes,or look at the results of spot tax-audits. However, people are unlikely toconfess to breaking the law, and tax inspectors do not usually check on arandom sample of the population. So the second method, indirect detective-work,is better. For example, you might compare data on cash transactions orelectricity consumption with official output figures. If the use of cash orelectricity is growing much faster than the measured economy, this mightindicate that the informal share of total activity is rising.

　　Using such techniques, Mr. Schneider estimated that the informal economy indeveloping countries in 2000 was equivalent to 41% of their official GDP. InZimbabwe, the figure was 60%. In Brazil and Turkey, around half of non-farmworkers are in the informal sector. In OECD countries the share of the informaleconomy was lower, but far from negligible, at 18%.

　　There is little mystery about why the informal economy exists. There are a lotof advantages to operating in the shadows. For a start, there are no incometaxes to pay. Avoiding social-security charges, which often drive a chunkywedge between take-home pay and employers&apos wage bills, can both cut labourcosts and thicken wage packets. People can also save a fair bit by ignoringsafety, environmental and health rules, not to mention intellectual propertyrights.

　　Indeed, in cross-country comparisons, the more expensive and more complicatedare taxes and regulations, the bigger is the informal economy as a share ofGDP. That explains why, among rich countries, Spain, Greece, Italy and Belgiumhave some of the largest grey economies and why America, Canada and Switzerlandhave much smaller ones. In recent years, the growth in the grey market in somepoor countries may owe a lot to the International Monetary Fund&aposs austerityprograms, which increase taxes and thus encourage many entrepreneurs to optout.

　　A booming grey economy sounds like good news, if only because many of theofficially jobless are in fact earning a living. So if the poorest are winning,who loses? The entire economy does, according to a new study by Diana Farrellof the McKinsey Global Institute. The price for having a large grey economy canbe much lower productivity. Grey firms tend to be small and want to stay thatway lest they come to the attention of the authorities. However, their smallscale limits their ability to make the most of new technology and businesspractices.

　　以上就是关于灰色经济这篇GMAT阅读机经的全部内容，考生可以有选择的看看，机经虽好，但是也要适度哟。最后祝大家都能考出好成绩。