3月11日GMAT语法机经整理.

　　3月2日GMAT换库后，澳际小编为大家收集整理3月份的GMAT语法机经，分享给大家，希望对大家有所帮助，文中观点仅供参考。

　　【版本1】考到including

　　including的用法太多了=，=!鉴于太残了，我把Prep里面考到including的题目贴过来。大家复习熟悉一下。

　　A study by the Ocean Wildlife Campaign urged states to undertake a number of remedies to reverse a decline in the shark population, which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closing state waters for shark fishing during pupping season, and requiring commercial fishers to have federal shark permits.

　　A. which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closing

　　B. which includes establishing limits to the size of sharks that can be caught, closing

　　C. which include the establishment of size limits for shark catches, the closing of

　　D. including establishing size limits for shark catches, closing (D)

　　E. including the establishing of limits to the size of sharks that are caught, the closing of

　　题目释义：A study urged to…，including…，closing…，and requiring….

　　考点：

　　句子结构(grammatical construction) 逻辑意思(logical predication)

　　1. 定语从句关系代词which的指代

　　2. 现在分词表伴随功能动作时，与句子谓语同时发生，逻辑主语等于句子主语。

　　3. and平行结构。

　　4. limit做动词时的固定搭配：limit to + 界限;limit on doing sth.(做某事的限制)

　　名词：size limits 大小、规模限制

　　5. urge的固定搭配：urge sb. to do sth.

　　6. shark catches: 捕鲨量，此处catch意为a quantity of fish that has been caught at one time

　　选项分析：

　　A. which离其逻辑上所指的remedies太远，且如果指代remedies不该用单数includes;the establishment of不如动词establishing简洁，而且与后面的closing不平行。

　　B. which和includes错误同A;limits to the size of sharks that can be caught不够简洁，直接用size limits和shark catches就行

　　C. which错误同A;the establishment of和the closing of名词短语不简洁且和requiring不平行

　　D. correct;including修饰remedies，including是介词，其跳跃能力比which强

　　E. limits to the size of sharks that can be caught不够简洁，直接用size limits和shark catches就行;the establishment of和the closing of名词短语不简洁且和requiring不平行

　　217. (T-3-Q17) (天山-7-14)

　　Not one of the potential investors is expected to make an offer to buy First Interstate Bank until a merger agreement is signed that includes a provision for penalties if the deal were not to be concluded.

　　A. is expected to make an offer to buy First Interstate Bank until a merger agreement is signed that includes a provision for penalties if the deal were

　　B. is expected to make an offer for buying First Interstate Bank until they sign a merger agreement including a provision for penalties if the deal was

　　C. is expected to make an offer to buy First Interstate Bank until a merger agreement be signed by them with a provision for penalties if the deal were

　　D. are expected to make an offer for buying First Interstate Bank until it signs a merger agreement with a provision for penalties included if the deal was (A)

　　E. are expected to be making an offer to buy First Interstate Bank until they sign a merger agreement including a provision for penalties if the deal were

　　题目释义：Not one of n.s is expected to do sth. until a MA is signed that includes a provision for penalties if the deal were not to be concluded.

　　考点：

　　主谓一致(agreement) 习惯用语(idiom)

　　1. (not) one of the+名词复数+单数形式谓语;Not one of =none of。

　　2. 虚拟语气：与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语be动词一律用were to+动词原形。

　　3. 被动语态未必比主动语态差，被动语态有其特殊功能，比如可以避免写出动作发出者来避免错误或累赘。

　　选项分析：

　　A. Correct;a merger agreement引导的句子并不是if the deal were的主句，If the deal were中的If可以理解为“in case (that)”，后接虚拟语气，由此可见虚拟条件句不一定非要虚拟主句才能使用(if the deal were这个用法其实也和if any类似，作为独立成分出现在句中);a merger agreement is signed that includes中that没有直接与a merger agreement相邻而且跳过了谓语动词修饰，这说明关系代词短距离跳跃指代是允许的

　　B. 表示动作的目的用to do比for buying更好，表示一个动作趋向;they无指代;虚拟语气用用was错误

　　C. be signed时态错误;with a provision修饰be signed，意思成了需要一个条例来规范”签署”这一动作，而不再是签署有这一条例的协议;them和an offer单复数不匹配，一个投资者只能有一个offer，并不需要写出by them

　　D. are错误，主谓不一致;For buying错误同B;虚拟语气用was错误;It无指代

　　E. are错误，主谓不一致;they和an offer单复数不匹配，一个投资者只能有一个offer，选项这么写好像在说只要一有投资者，那么所有的潜在投资者都要签署agreement，所以最好的写法是通过被动语态来避免直接写出动作行使者

　　补充说明：

　　1. 关于定语从句的关系代词能否跨越谓语动词指代：如果关系代词与先行词相隔较短，关系代词能跨越谓语动词指代，如本句a merger agreement is signed that includes a provision。

　　2. 关于none of(by windmaple)：None可以等于not one(动词用单数)，也可以等于not any(动词用复数)，这个是有争论的，Manhattan Review SC上的SANAM说none要看情况定动词单复数;manhattan forum上的结论是：因为none在OG里面从来没用过复数动词，所以大家还是选单数吧。

　　235. (GWD-9-Q1)

　　A mixture of poems and short fiction, Jean Toomer&aposs Cane has been called one of the three best novels ever written by Black Americans—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man

　　A. Black Americans—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man

　　B. Black Americans—including Native Son by Richard Wright and Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison

　　C. a Black American—including Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man

　　D. a Black American—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man (E)

　　E. a Black American—the others being Richard Wright&aposs Native Son and Ralph Ellison&aposs Invisible Man

　　题目释义：…, Book C… -- Book NS and Book Invisible Man…

　　考点：

　　平行结构(parallelism) 逻辑意思(logical predication)

　　1. 主语是书，平行对称应该也是书。

　　2. 破折号在这里的用处是补充说明主句的内容

　　选项分析：

　　A. 破折号之前的主语是Cane这本书，后面平行的也需要对应是书而不是人，所以后面的平行错误;语法上a black american或black americans都没有错，但在此用单数更为清晰，明确指出了一本书是一个人写，而没有多个人写的歧义

　　B. Richard Wright&aposs Native Son和Jean Toomer&aposs Cane不够对称，不如E好;语法上a black american或black americans都没有错，但在此用单数更为清晰，明确指出了一本书是一个人写，而没有多个人写的歧义

　　C. 破折号后面的平行错误同A

　　D. 破折号后面的平行错误同A

　　E. Correct;the others being用法正确，Jean Toomer&aposs Cane，Richard Wright&aposs Native Son，Ralph Ellison&aposs Invisible Man平行的最漂亮完美：不仅仅都是书，而且都用了所有格。

　　补充说明：

　　1. being+n.不一定错。本题破折号后可以还原为句子：The others are RW’s NS and RE’s IM.

　　2. 关于用Black Americans还是用a Black American：日常写作中用Black Americans和a Black American都可以，逻辑和语法都没有问题，GMAT家似乎倾向于使用后者，更加清晰指出一本书是一个人写。

　　218. (T-4-Q33)

　　In attempting to solve the problems caused by a lowering of the price of oil, oil companies operating in the North Sea have taken a variety of approaches, which includes their reducing employment, using new technology to pump oil more ficiently from smaller fields, and finding innovative ways to cut the cost of building and operating platforms.

　　A. which includes their reducing employment, using new technology to pump oil more ficiently

　　B. which includes reducing employment, using new technology to be more ficient in pumping oil

　　C. which include reducing employment, using new technology to pump oil more ficiently

　　D. which include the reduction of employment, their using new technology to pump oil more ficiently (C)

　　E. including a reduction of employment, their use of new technology to be more ficient at pumping oil

　　题目释义：In attempting to solve……，oil companies have taken……，which ……，using……

　　考点：

　　1. 平行结构中要注意平行对象要对等(形式和功能)，动作性名词不能和名词性名词平行并列

　　2. (1) “a variety of/ a number of + 复数名词”后面谓语用复数形式;

　　(2) the number of / the variety of + 复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数;

　　(3) “a body of/a collection of/an arrary of/a series of/a set of/a portion of/a group of/ a constellation of/a team of + 复数名词”作主语后面谓语都用单数形式，因为body/collection等被视作集合名词(collective noun)，后面是of引导的介宾短语做形容词。

　　选项分析：

　　A. a variety of +复数名词，谓语动词用复数，且which引导的定语从句修饰approaches，所以includes错;their reducing中their多余(有效性错误)。

　　B. includes主谓不一致错误;using new technology to be more ficient改变句意，变得不合理(更加有效率地使用新技术，合理句意应该是新技术使得pump更加有效率);在做某事有效率要用at doing sth.。

　　C. Correct;reducing, using, finding三者平行。

　　D. reduction，their using与finding不平行

　　E. reduction，use与finding不平行;use of new technology to be more ficient改变句意，变得不合理(更加有效率地使用新技术，合理句意应该是新技术使得pump更加有效率)

　　补充说明：

　　1. In attempt to与in attempting to没有区别

　　2. Efficient at与ficient in doing sth.：

　　At:做某事时有效率 Their equipment was not as ficient at finding gold as today&aposs machinery.

　　In:在某方面节约有效 The heating system is very ficient in its use of of fuel.

　　以上就是3月11日GMAT语法的全部内容，分享给大家，考生朋友可以看看这个语法知识点是否掌握，最后祝大家都能考出好成绩。