GMAT阅读机经整理：生物现象的类比.

　　4月5日GMAT换库后，小编为大家收集整理4月份的GMAT阅读机经，这篇是关于生物现象的类比的文章，分享给大家，希望对大家有所帮助，仅供参考。

　　一、本月原始

　　V1 东京铁路网络

　　V2 东京铁路~ ~好像分三段还是两段吧...第一段说的是利用生物的什么特性可以发展network?? 然后第二段就说一个人建议建铁路的时候不要只是在有站台的地方建，要建的越多越好，重复也不用怕...第三段...忘了~~也是说铁路什么的，题目不难

　　V3生物科学从鲨鱼皮那制造出高科技泳衣的idea给了一组reseacher新的启发，然后他们打算开展一个新的experiment好像叫smile mode, 这个experiment在东京附近进行，出现了一系列现象，令resercher得到启发，觉得这同样适用于人类。

　　V4开始先说是生物的结构可以给人很多启示，举例：鲨鱼皮带来了游泳衣的改革等等……

　　第二段：科学家研究了一种PP的生物(细菌貌似是)，发现这种生物在树与树之间通过建立一种PP(也是PP，具体不一样)的通道运输营养物质，这种PP网络是没有控制中心的，但是效率非常好啦。然后科学家效仿这种网络模拟了一座城市(东京?)的运输网络，发现跟东京的运输网络惊人相似啊。

　　第三段：貌似是一些废话，就说这种PP网络可以解决一些移动信号的问题。(有考题)

　　by uanghaoxin

　　二、文章类型与结构

　　P1生物现象的多种应用

　　u 举例：鲨鱼皮泳衣

　　u 受启发：研究pp

　　P2对pp的研究

　　u pp：为觅食建立network

　　u 发现：pp有最优路线和备用路线

　　P3模仿应用：东经铁路也应“有备无患”

　　三、段落大意—感谢考完试的多位狗主，补充回忆!!!

　　P1 目前biologically inspired design已经广泛应用在生活中。例如mimicking shark skin 就制造了swimsuit，引领了游泳衣的改革。于是某个researcher受到启发，决定研究某个P...P...(拉丁文长名字)某种生物。

　　P2 研究发现P.P.为了更方便的外出觅食，会在家和找到食物的地点之间建立connection network。于是模拟此行为，把某种食物(生词，会加同位语介绍，说明是PP喜欢的食物)放在类似于东京以外地区的位置，而pp的家模拟在东京，看pp是如何建立network。实验发现，pp不仅会根据ficiency原则，建立一条最近的路，还会建立有些绕远的路resilient 为了以防万一breakage的出现。。pp的行为体现了costs，ficiency，和resilience原则。(有题)

　　第三段 因此建造东京railway 的时候，也应该建立一些多余的(redundant)铁路，以防止突发情况(breakaway)。最后一句话提到了最好不要 human intervention.

　　四、题目

　　1、可connection哪一道must be true?(本月试题)

　　选项有：backup路线在有accidental情况下

　　2、作者对于东京铁路修建的看法是?(本月试题)

　　V1 我选择了大概是不要human intervention的近义词(本月v37狗主)

　　3、主旨题(本月试题)

　　4、一个问作者写这个是为什么(本月试题)

　　5、是第一段的作用是什么，(本月试题)

　　V1选了有“idea”这个词的那个答案。

　　【狗主心理过程：有两个很纠结的答案,都是present一个新的什么，然后从这个新的什么里发展得出什么。，最后选了有“idea”这个词的那个答案】

　　6、问这些PP网络相当于城市之间的什么?(本月试题)

　　V1选了track(火车道)(本月v35狗主)

　　7、问下面哪个问题可以运用PP网络加以解决? (本月试题)

　　五、参考背景—虽然长了点，但确认为原文!!!快来看啊。

　　Science and Technology: A life of slime; Railways and slime moulds

　　Abstract: From adhesives that mimic the feet of geckos to swimsuits modelled on shark skin, biologically inspired design has taken off in recent times. Copying nature&aposs ideas allows people to harness the power of evolution to come up with clever products. Now a group of researchers has taken this idea a step further by using an entire living organism--a slime mould--to solve a complex problem. In this case, the challenge was to design an ficient rail network for the city of Tokyo and its outlying towns. Slime moulds are unusual critters--neither animal, nor plant nor fungus. If they resemble anything, it is a colonial amoeba. When P. polycephalum is foraging, it puts out protrusions of protoplasm, creates nodes and branches, and grows in the form of an interconnected network of tubes. As it explores the forest floor, it must constantly trade off the cost, ficiency and resilience of its expanding network. Since the purpose of this activity is to link food sources together and to transport nutrients around the creature, Atsushi Tero at Hokkaido University in Japan and his colleagues wondered if slime-mould transport networks bore any resemblance to human ones.

　　Full text: Network-engineering problems can be solved by surprisingly simple creatures FROM adhesives that mimic the feet of geckos to swimsuits modelled on shark skin, biologically inspired design has taken off in recent times. Copying nature&aposs ideas allows people to harness the power of evolution to come up with clever products. Now a group of researchers has taken this idea a step further by using an entire living organism--a slime mould--to solve a complex problem. In this case, the challenge was to design an ficient rail network for the city of Tokyo and its outlying towns. Slime moulds are unusual critters--neither animal, nor plant nor fungus. If they resemble anything, it is a colonial amoeba. Physarumpolycephalum, the species in question, consists of a membrane-bound bag of protoplasm and, unusually, multiple nuclei. It can be found migrating across the floor of dark, damp, northern-temperate woodlands in search of food such as bacteria. It can grow into networks with a diameter of 25cm. When P. polycephalum is foraging, it puts out protrusions of protoplasm, creates nodes and branches, and grows in the form of an interconnected network of tubes. As it explores the forest floor, it must constantly trade off the cost, ficiency and resilience of its expanding network. Since the purpose of this activity is to link food sources together and to transport nutrients around the creature, Atsushi Tero at Hokkaido University in Japan and his colleagues wondered if slime-mould transport networks bore any resemblance to human ones. As they report in Science, they built a template with 36 oat flakes (a favoured food source) placed to represent the locations of cities in the region around Tokyo. They put P. polycephalum on Tokyo itself, and watched it go. They found that many of the links the slime mould made bore a striking resemblance to Tokyo&aposs existing rail network. For P. polycephalum had not simply created the shortest possible network that could connect all the cities, but had also included redundant connections that allow the creature (and the real rail network) to have resilience to the accidental breakage of any part of it. P. polycephalum&aposs network, in other words, had similar costs, ficiencies and resiliencies to the human version. How the creature does this is unknown, but Mark Fricker of Oxford University, who is one of Dr Tero&aposs colleagues, speculates that the forces generated by protoplasm pulsating back-and-forth through the multinuclear cell are interpreted and used to determine which routes to reinforce, and which connections to trim. Tokyo&aposs is not the first transport network to be modelled in this way. A study published in December by Andrew Adamatzky and Jf Jones of the University of the West of England used oat flakes to represent Britain&aposs principal cities. Slime moulds modelled the motorway network of the island quite accurately, with the exception of the M6/M74 into Scotland (the creatures chose to go through Newcastle rather than past Carlisle). Of course, neither Dr Tero nor Dr Adamatzky is suggesting that rail and road networks should be designed by slime moulds. What they are proposing is that good and complex solutions can emerge from simple rules, and that this principle might be applied elsewhere. The next thing is to discover and use these rules to enable other networks to self-organise in an "intelligent" fashion without human intervention--for example, to link up a swarm of robots exploring a dangerous environment, so that they can talk to each other and relay information back to base. The denizens of Carlisle, meanwhile, may wonder what objection slime moulds have towards their fine city.

　　以上就是关于生物现象的类比的GMAT阅读机经的全部内容，考生朋友可以有选择的看看，最后需要提醒各位的是，机经虽然会对我们解题有所帮助，但是在考场中即使题目很像也要避免秒选，最后祝大家都能考出好成绩。