GRE句子填空的否定表达与对立转化(上).

　　GRE句子填空题目的一大难点是它的否定表达方式。GRE句子填空的否定表达与对立转化方式丰富多变，概括起来大约有如下几种。

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　　1. 直接说“不”。 Not / no none nothing

　　例如：

　　12.5. Liberty is not easy, but far better to be an _____ fox, hungry and threatened on its hill, than a _____ canary, safe and secure in its cage.

　　17.3. Walpole’s art collection was huge and fascinating, and his novel The castle of Otranto was never out of print; none of this mattered to the Victorians, who _____him as, at best, _____.

　　25.6. Regardless of what _____ theories of politics may profound, there is nothing that requires daily politics to be clear, thorough, and consistent---nothing, that is, that requires reality to conform to theory.

　　2.否定前缀、否定后缀

　　Unhappy inappropriate impossible illogical irrelevant disordered atypical nonsense meaningless fruitless careless

　　例如：

　　26.4. Freud derived psychoanalytic knowledge of childhood indirectly: he _____ childhood process from adult _____.

　　57.3. Many of her followers remain _____ to her, and even those who have rejected her leadership are unconvinced of the _____ of replacing her during the current turmoil.

　　42.6. The _____of gamblers’ unsuccessful decision strategies is one _____of the illusions built into games of chance in order to misguide players and take their money.

　　55.5. Although Tom was aware that it would be _____ to display annoyance publicly at the sales conference, he could not _____ his irritation with the client’s unreasonable demands.

　　57.4. Although Simpson was ingenious at _____ to appear innovative and spontaneous, beneath the ruse he remained uninspired and rigid in his approach to problem solving.

　　58.2. Although the mental process that creates a fresh and original poem or drama is doubtless_____ that which originates and elaborates scientific discoveries, there is clearly a discernible difference between the creators.

　　63.3. It is disappointing to note that the latest edition of the bibliography belies its longstanding reputation for _____ by _____ some significant rerences to recent publications.

　　58.1. In the nineteenth century, novelists and unsympathetic travelers portrayed the American West as a land of _____ adversity, whereas promoters and idealists created _____ image of a land of infinite promise.

　　3.否定类限定词、副词

　　never 从不

　　little few seldom rarely scarcely hardly几乎不 ≈ no

　　例如：

　　11.3. Even though in today’s Soviet Union the _____ the Muslim clergy have been accorded power and privileges, the Muslim laity and the rank-and-file clergy still have little _____to practice their religion.

　　9.6. Comparatively few rock musicians are willing to laugh at themselves, although a hint of _____ can boost sales of video clips very nicely.

　　36.4. Prior to the work of Heckel, illustrations of fish were often beautiful but rarely _____; this fact, combined with the _____ nature of most nine-teenth-century taxonomic descriptions, often kept scientists from recognizing differences between species.

　　4. 负义动词

　　例如： belie 证明为假 Fail 失败/无能 lack缺乏 ruse / decline拒绝 deny / gainsay否认 Undermine破坏/否定 discredit 否定

　　64.6. Belying his earlier reputation for _____ as a negotiator, Morgan had recently assumed a more _____ stance for which many of his erstwhile critics praised him.

　　Belie参见：E12.4 E42.7 E56.7 E63.3

　　43.3. It is _____ for a government to fail to do whatever it can to eliminate a totally _____disease.

　　Fail 参见：E13.6 E51.4 E62.5

　　20.7. People should not be praised for their virtue if they lack the energy to be _____; in such cases, goodness is merely the fect of _____.

　　Lack 参见：E30.4 E45.2

　　5.4. Since she believed him to be both candid and trustworthy, she rused to consider the possibility that his statement had been _____ .

　　Ruse/Decline 参见：E45.1 E59.7

　　70.7. Although _____ in her own responses to the plays She reviewed，the theatre critic was，paradoxically,_____ those who would deny that a reviewer must have a single method of interpretation.

　　Deny/Gainsay 参见：E6.5 E22.3 E70.7 E3.6 E4.5 E73.7

　　45.5. She writes across generational lines, making the past so _____ that our beli that the present is the true locus of experience is undermined

　　Undermine 参见：E24.3 E46.6 E52.1

　　18.3. The notion that culture and biological influences _____ determine cross-cultural diversity is discredited by the fact that, in countless aspects of human existence, it is cultural programming that overwhelmingly accounts for cross-population variance.

　　Discredit 参见： E43.4 E55.3

　　5. 短语

　　lack of缺乏 free from免于 yet to be(become)尚未成为 stop short of 差一点做

　　8.2. In spite of the _____ nature of Scotland’s terrain, its main roads are surprisingly free from severe _____.

　　16.1. Many artists believe that successful imitation, far from being symptomatic of a lack of _____, is the first step in learning to be creative.

　　56.2. Because many of the minerals found on the ocean floor are still _____ on land, where mining is relatively inexpensive, mining the ocean floor has yet to become a _____ enterprise.

　　GRE句子填空的否定表达与对立转化分为直接说“不”，否定前缀、否定后缀，否定类限定词、副词，负义动词，短语五种，对于大部分否定表达，我们直接理解题意即可。对于其中的很多所谓“否定”表达，我们已经习以为常，以至于感觉不到它们的存在。