GRE Issue高频提纲——行为类(五).

　　5. 个体与集体：

　　60. "The media -- and society in general -- mistakenly expect an individual to speak for a particular group, whether or not that individual truly represents the views of the entire group."

　　113. "It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we dine ourselves."

　　162. "One often hears about the need for individuals to take responsibility for their own lives. However, the conditions in which people find themselves have been largely established long bore people become aware of them. Thus, the concept of personal responsibility is much more complicated and unrealistic than is often assumed."

　　175 "It is always an individual who is the impetus for innovation; the details may be worked out by a team, but true innovation results from the enterprise and unique perception of an individual."

　　1. 在以前，确实革新的动力往往来自于个人，很多的发明都是源自于个人的努力，例如：爱迪生Edison发明的灯泡，给人们带来了光明，比尔盖茨Bill Gate写的MS-DOS操作系统，使得使用计算机成为可能，瓦特Watt发明了蒸汽机带来了工业革命Industrial Revolution等等。

　　2. 但是，随着社会越来越复杂，不仅革新的细节需要来自于团队，实质的革新也不能单单依靠个人努力，比如：对太空的探索，天文学，需要很多行业专家的支持，比如机械学家，设计设备，计算机工程师，分析数据，数学家，提供必要的计算方法等。先在的微软和操作系统一个人是根本无法完成的。

　　3. 而且，个人的创新对于一个团队的创新有很大的作用，因为团队是由个人组成的，不同成员之间相互合作，共同努力，才能使一个团队有很多成果。比如一个团队每个人在一个不同的方面有所创新，结合起来可能取得很大的成就。