新GRE写作素材收集 重要备考资料总汇(7).

　　好的新GRE作文需要好的新GRE写作素材作为依托，说理明确，逻辑清晰，同时还有能够说服人有力度的新GRE写作素材。下面就为大家总结一些GRE作文备考资料，帮助大家复习GRE写作，积累GRE作文素材，使自己的GRE作文变得更加富有逻辑论证更加丰富。

　　媒体： 政治第四不动产

　　The term Fourth Estate rers to the press, both in its explicit capacity of advocacy and in its implicit ability to frame political issues. The term goes back at least to Thomas Carlyle in the first half of the 19th century.

　　Novelist Jfrey Archer in his work The Fourth Estate made this observation: "In May 1789, Louis XVI summoned to Versailles a full meeting of the ?Estate General?. The First Estate consisted of three hundred clergy. The Second Estate, three hundred nobles. The Third Estate, six hundred commoners. Some years later, after the French Revolution, Edmund Burke, looking up at the Press Gallery of the House of Commons, said, ?Yonder sits the Fourth Estate, and they are more important than them all."

　　影响新闻报道的因素

　　A variety of external and internal pressures influence journalists? decisions on which stories are covered, how issues are interpreted and the emphasis given to them. These pressures can sometimes lead to bias or unethical reporting. Achieving relevance, giving audiences the news they want and finding interest, is an increasingly important goal for media outlets seeking to maintain market share in a rapidly evolving market. This has made news organizations more open to audience input and feedback, and forced them to adopt and apply news values which will attract and keep audiences. The growth of interactive media and citizen journalism is fast altering the traditional distinction between news producer and passive audience and may in future lead to a deep-ploughing redinition of what "news" means and the role of the news industry.

　　广告的影响： 媒体内容

　　The propaganda model posits that advertising dollars are essential for funding most media sources and clearly have a clear fect on the content of the media. For example, when Al Gore proposed launching a progressive TV network, a Fox News executive told Advertising Age (10/13/03): "The problem with being associated as liberal is that they wouldn?t be going in a direction that advertisers are really interested in. If you go out and say that you are a liberal network, you are cutting your potential audience, and certainly your potential advertising pool, right off the bat." Furthermore, an internal memo from ABC Radio Networks to its affiliates reveals scores of powerful sponsors have a standing order that their commercials never be placed on syndicated Air America programming that airs on ABC affiliates. The list, totaling 90 advertisers, includes some of largest and most well-known corporations advertising in the U.S.: Wal-Mart, GE, Exxon Mobil, Microsoft, Bank of America, Fed-Ex, Visa, Allstate, McDonald?s, Sony and Johnson & Johnson. The U.S. Postal Service and the U.S. Navy are also listed as advertisers who don?t want their commercials to air on Air America.

　　美国心理协会观点： 电视暴力的影响

　　A 1993 report by the American Psychological Association stated:

　　1. Viewing violence increases fear of becoming a victim of violence, with an increase in self-protective behavior and an increase in mistrust.

　　2. Viewing violence increases desensitization to violence, resulting in callused attitudes toward violence.

　　3. Violent programming increases the viewers appetite for becoming involved or exposing themselves to violence.

　　环保论的概念

　　Environmentalism is a concern for the preservation, restoration, or improvement of the natural environment, such as the conservation of natural resources, prevention of pollution, and certain land use actions. It often supports the struggles of indigenous peoples against the spread of globalization to their way of life, which is seen as less harmful to the environment. The study of practical environmentalism is split into two positions: the mainstream "anthropocentric" or hierarchic, and the more radical "ecocentric" or egalitarian.

　　技术对环境的影响既明显又细微

　　The fects of technology on the environment are both obvious and subtle. The more obvious fects include the depletion of nonrenewable natural resources (such as petroleum, coal, ores), and the added pollution of air, water, and land. The more subtle fects include debates over long-term fects (e.g., global warming, dorestation, natural habitat destruction and coastal wetland loss).

　　Each wave of technology creates a set of waste previously unknown by humans: toxic waste, radioactive waste, electronic waste.

　　One of the main problems is the lack of an fective way to remove these pollutants on a large scale expediently. In nature, organisms "recycle" the wastes of other organisms, for example, plants produce oxygen as a by-product of photosynthesis, oxygen-breathing organisms use oxygen to metabolize food, producing carbon dioxide as a by-product, which plants use in a process to make sugar, with oxygen as a waste in the first place. No such mechanism exists for the removal of technological wastes.

　　Humanity at the moment may be compared to a colony of bacteria in a Petri dish with a constant food supply: with no way to remove the wastes of their metabolism, the bacteria eventually poison themselves.

　　经济对环境的影响

　　Nearly all of the postwar technologies which have caused large-scale pollution were developed and put into use in the capitalist countries first; then, driven by profit maximization and market domination, these same technologies were sold to socialist countries. Intrinsic greed of the capitalism system is really then more of a threat to the environment than other political systems.

　　Economic growth and a cleaner environment are not mutually exclusive. The question of how to improve the environment while still enabling balanced or sustained economic growth remains. This balance is possible, if we carully plan ways to use available technology to spur economic growth and solve ecological problems at the same time. The current method of controlling emissions of toxic substances antagonizes incorrect belis that ecology and economy are mutually exclusive elements. The main reason for an increase in pollution is due to postwar changes in the technology of production. For example, our ruse piles have dramatically increased due to an increase in disposable goods; synthetic products are used in place of natural, decomposable ones; and the amount of energy and fuel has increased dramatically to produce goods. A shift towards decomposable goods would continue economic growth, decrease garbage growth.

　　人们对科技对环境危害的严重性认识不足

　　Whether it is through intensified media attention, or due to the forts of prominent scientists and other members of society, we have become increasingly aware of the detrimental fects that technological advances in industry and agriculture have on the global environment.

　　However, as Carl Sagan points out in Pulling the Plug on Mother Earth, awareness is not enough, nor is society?s response to the catastrophic implications of environmental pollution rapid enough. Slowness to implement sound strategies are in part due to the fact that the threats we face are nebulous, since they come in the form of particles of invisible gases and radioactivity, and in part because response to pollution appears to be so costly at individual, governmental and corporate levels. It appears that great material loss, as well as visual manifestation, has been the only ways to galvanize action towards altering and limiting technologies so that adverse chemicals and substances are no longer belched into the environment.

　　WTO与环境

　　Another WTO ruling that produced harm to the environment is the Marine Mammal Protection Act; specifically the provision that protects dolphins from being slaughtered by tuna fisherman, was found disagreeable. Ultimately, these authorized rules will determine whether the United States can prevent Great Lake water from being sold to the highest bidder or whether nations can reject imported shrimp caught in nets that catch and drown endangered sea turtles. Soon, we can expect challenges against American laws controlling pesticide use, protecting community water rights, and banning raw log exports, which save both forests and processing jobs. Not only are these ruling made upon the United States, but also in other countries worldwide. In Japan, the WTO ruled against them for rusing imports of fruit products that carry dangerous invasive species. Thus, because of these harsh rulings made by the WTO on several environmental acts, many nations are now frightened to contradict the corporations. By not proposing anymore health laws against these corporations, the environment could get worse year by year. This also gave advantages to the corporations, since this help them escape from democratic laws that regulate their activities.

　　以上就是新GRE写作素材的一些资料，积累这些GRE作文备考资料，可以帮助自己的新GRE作文更加富有逻辑性，更加合情合理。想要取得理想的GRE作文成绩，就要在平常的时候多进行积累和复习。