GRE阅读题型解析——细节题（四）.

　　罗马数字题

　　罗马数字题是GRE阅读中出现比较多的一种题型，通常情况，考试的题型中定会有一道或两道这类题型。虽然，出题的数目不是很多，但是也要特别注意。罗马数字题主要考查考生对文章的理解以及一些逻辑推理能力。在对文章的时候要对一些例子、解释等特别关注，要在文中做好标记，以便迅速地找到答案。

　　罗马数字题题的基本结构：

　　The author provides following which of the following examples in the passage?

　　Ⅰ only

　　Ⅱ only

　　Ⅲ only

　　Ⅰ & Ⅱ

　　Ⅱ & Ⅲ

　　当遇到罗马数字题时，首先回原文找列举，没有列举再继续看题做答。做大多数罗马数字题有捷径可走的，考生应该在看完选项后先看备选答案。比如，几个备选答案都有Ⅰ，则Ⅰ肯定是正确的，就不必再判断了。

　　下面举一个具体的例子：

　　The recent, apparently successful, prediction by mathematical models of an appearance of El Nino—the warm ocean current that periodically develops along the Pacific coast of South America—has excited researchers……

　　It has long been known that during an El Nino, two conditions exist: (1) unusually warm water extends along the eastern Pacific, principally along the coasts of Ecuador and Peru, and (2) winds blow from the west into the warmer air rising over the warm water in the east. These winds tend to create a feedback mechanism by driving the warmer surface water into a “pile” that blocks the normal upwelling of deeper, cold water in the east and further warms the eastern water, thus strengthening the wind still more. The contribution of the model is to show that the winds of an El Nino, which raise sea level in the east, simultaneously send a signal to the west lowering sea level. According to the model, that signal is generated as a negative Rossby wave, a wave of depressed, or negative, sea level, that moves westward parallel to the equator at 25 to 85 kilometers per day. Taking months to traverse the Pacific, Rossby waves march to the western boundary of the Pacific basin, which is modeled as a smooth wall but in reality consists of quite irregular island chains, such as the Philippines and Indonesia.

　　……

　　无论做什么题，我们在对完文章后，都要清楚一个基本的问题，就是文章的结构和行文思路。这篇文章属于结论解释型文章，作者在第一段的第一句话就提出了结论，后面所以内容都是对这个结论的解释说明。所以，文章的首句是全文的中心句(topic sentence)。

　　It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following would result fairly immediately from the cessation of the winds of an El Nino?

　　I. Negative Rossby waves would cease to be generated in the eastern Pacific.

　　II. The sea level in the eastern Pacific would fall.

　　III. The surface water in the eastern Pacific would again be cooled by being mixed with deep water.

　　(A) I only

　　(B) II only

　　(C) I and II only

　　(D) I and III only

　　(E) I, II, and III

　　分析：

　　1.弄清题目和选项的意思

　　题目的意思是“如果导致厄尔尼诺的风停止，会出现什么结果?”

　　I. 负的R波在太平洋不会产生。

　　II. 东太平洋的海平会下降。

　　Ⅲ. 东太平洋表层海水会因为深层水的混合而重新变冷。

　　2.找到解答题目的突破口

　　文章中的第二段主要讲了这种风的效果，如果是风停止了，那么我们只需对文中的效果取非即可，这是解答这道题的关键。文中的阴影部分就是对这部分的解释。下面我们就这三个选项进行分析。

　　Ⅰ. 这部分在文中的定位是The contribution of the model is to show that the winds of an El Nino, which raise sea level in the east, simultaneously send a signal to the west lowering sea level. According to the model, that signal is generated as a negative Rossby wave, 即“此模型的贡献在于显示了厄尔尼诺现象中的风使东海平面升高，同时向西部低海平面区发送一个信号。该信号可称作负的Rossby波，此波低于海平面，平行于赤道西移。”我们就可以知道，这个信号是由厄尔尼诺现象中的风所导致的，如果导致厄尔尼诺的风停止，那么也就不会有这个信号的出现，这样，Ⅰ的说法是正确的。

　　Ⅱ. 这部分在文中的定为也是上面所提到的，在厄尔尼诺现象中的风使东海平面升高，那么，如果导致厄尔尼诺的风停止了，东太平洋的海平面就会恢复正常的状态，这种正常的状态应该与厄尔尼诺现象中的风使东海平面升高是相反的，所以，东太平洋的海平会下降是正确的。

　　Ⅲ. 这部分在文中的定位是winds blow from the west into the warmer air rising over the warm water in the east. These winds tend to create a feedback mechanism by driving the warmer surface water into a “pile” that blocks the normal upwelling of deeper, cold water in the east and further warms the eastern water, thus strengthening the wind still more.即“风从西流向东部由较暖水中升起的较暖空气中。这些风形成了一种反映机制，即通过将较暖水在表层汇成一个“水堆”而阻止了通常状况下的深层冷水的上涌并进一步使东部水域变暖，从而使暖风更加剧烈。”这就表明，这种风会使深层冷水变暖。因此，如果导致厄尔尼诺的风停止了，就不会出现上述的现象，而东太平洋表层海水会因为深层水的混合而重新变冷。这种说法是正确的。

　　通过上面的分析，Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ 三种说法都是正确的，所以正确选项是E.

　　小结：

　　罗马数字题的难度并不大，重要的是在原文中的正确定位。在读文章的时候，要特别注意原文中列举出的内容，做好相应的标记。在解答的时候，将句子和选项结合着看，这样可以节省不少时间。

　　罗马数字题

　　罗马数字题是GRE阅读中出现比较多的一种题型，通常情况，考试的题型中定会有一道或两道这类题型。虽然，出题的数目不是很多，但是也要特别注意。罗马数字题主要考查考生对文章的理解以及一些逻辑推理能力。在对文章的时候要对一些例子、解释等特别关注，要在文中做好标记，以便迅速地找到答案。

　　罗马数字题题的基本结构：

　　The author provides following which of the following examples in the passage?

　　Ⅰ only

　　Ⅱ only

　　Ⅲ only

　　Ⅰ & Ⅱ

　　Ⅱ & Ⅲ

　　当遇到罗马数字题时，首先回原文找列举，没有列举再继续看题做答。做大多数罗马数字题有捷径可走的，考生应该在看完选项后先看备选答案。比如，几个备选答案都有Ⅰ，则Ⅰ肯定是正确的，就不必再判断了。

　　下面举一个具体的例子：

　　The recent, apparently successful, prediction by mathematical models of an appearance of El Nino—the warm ocean current that periodically develops along the Pacific coast of South America—has excited researchers……

　　It has long been known that during an El Nino, two conditions exist: (1) unusually warm water extends along the eastern Pacific, principally along the coasts of Ecuador and Peru, and (2) winds blow from the west into the warmer air rising over the warm water in the east. These winds tend to create a feedback mechanism by driving the warmer surface water into a “pile” that blocks the normal upwelling of deeper, cold water in the east and further warms the eastern water, thus strengthening the wind still more. The contribution of the model is to show that the winds of an El Nino, which raise sea level in the east, simultaneously send a signal to the west lowering sea level. According to the model, that signal is generated as a negative Rossby wave, a wave of depressed, or negative, sea level, that moves westward parallel to the equator at 25 to 85 kilometers per day. Taking months to traverse the Pacific, Rossby waves march to the western boundary of the Pacific basin, which is modeled as a smooth wall but in reality consists of quite irregular island chains, such as the Philippines and Indonesia.

　　……

　　无论做什么题，我们在对完文章后，都要清楚一个基本的问题，就是文章的结构和行文思路。这篇文章属于结论解释型文章，作者在第一段的第一句话就提出了结论，后面所以内容都是对这个结论的解释说明。所以，文章的首句是全文的中心句(topic sentence)。

　　It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following would result fairly immediately from the cessation of the winds of an El Nino?

　　I. Negative Rossby waves would cease to be generated in the eastern Pacific.

　　II. The sea level in the eastern Pacific would fall.

　　III. The surface water in the eastern Pacific would again be cooled by being mixed with deep water.

　　(A) I only

　　(B) II only

　　(C) I and II only

　　(D) I and III only

　　(E) I, II, and III

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