gre阅读练习每日一篇(四十五).

　　掌握了gre阅读里的长难句，到了实战演习的时候了。gre阅读练习每日一篇帮助gre考生循序渐进地进行练习和总结。希望gre考生在进行gre阅读练习时，也按着考试时候的时间规定自己的练习，这样才能有效果。

　　A serious critic has to comprehend the particular content, unique structure, and special meaning of a work of art. And here she faces a dilemma. The critic must recognize the artistic element of uniqueness that requires subjective reaction; yet she must not be unduly prejudiced by such reactions. Her likes and dislikes are less important than what the work itself communicates, and her prerences may blind her to certain qualities of the work and thereby prevent an adequate understanding of it. Hence, it is necessary that a critic develop a sensibility informed by familiarity with the history of art and aesthetic theory. On the other hand, it is insufficient to treat the artwork solely historically, in relation to a fixed set of ideas or values. The critic’s knowledge and training are, rather, a preparation of the cognitive and emotional abilities needed for an adequate personal response to an artwork’s own particular qualities.

　　17. According to the author, a serious art critic may avoid being prejudiced by her subjective reactions if she

　　(A) treats an artwork in relation to a fixed set of ideas and values

　　(B) brings to her observation a knowledge of art history and aesthetic theory

　　(C) allows more time for the observation of each artwork

　　(D) takes into account the prerences of other art critics

　　(E) limits herself to that art with which she has adequate familiarity

　　18. The author implies that it is insufficient to treat a work of art solely historically because

　　(A) doing so would lead the critic into a dilemma

　　(B) doing so can blind the critic to some of the artwork’s unique qualities

　　(C) doing so can insulate the critic from personally held belis

　　(D) subjective reactions can produce a biased response

　　(E) critics are not sufficiently familiar with art history

　　19. The passage suggests that the author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements?

　　(A) Art speaks to the passions as well as to the intellect.

　　(B) Most works of art express unconscious wishes or desires.

　　(C) The best art is accessible to the greatest number of people.

　　(D) The art produced in the last few decades is of inferior quality.

　　(E) The meaning of art is a function of the social conditions in which it was produced.

　　20. The author’s argument is developed primarily by the use of

　　(A) an attack on sentimentality

　　(B) an example of successful art criticism

　　(C) a critique of artists training

　　(D) a warning against extremes in art criticism

　　(E) an analogy between art criticism and art production

　　Viruses, infectious particles consisting of nucl acid packaged in a protein coat (the capsid), are difficult to resist. Unable to reproduce outside a living cell, viruses reproduce only by subverting the genetic mechanisms of a host cell. In one kind of viral life cycle (life cycle: n.[生] 生活周期), the virus first binds to the cell’s surface, then penetrates the cell and sheds its capsid. The exposed viral nucl acid produces new viruses from the contents of the cell. Finally, the cell releases the viral progeny, and a new cell cycle of infection begins. The human body responds to a viral infection by producing antibodies: complex, highly specific proteins that selectively bind to foreign molecules such as viruses. An antibody can either interfere with a virus’s ability to bind to a cell, or can prevent it from releasing its nucl acid.

　　Unfortunately, the common cold (common cold: n. 感冒), produced most often by rhinoviruses, is intractable to antiviral dense. Humans have difficulty resisting colds because rhinoviruses are so diverse, including at least 100 strains. The strains differ most in the molecular structure of the proteins in their capsids. Since disease-fighting antibodies bind to the capsid, an antibody developed to protect against one rhinovirus strain is useless against other strains. Different antibodies must be produced for each strain.

　　A dense against rhinoviruses might nonetheless succeed by exploiting hidden similarities among the rhinovirus strains. For example, most rhinovirus strains bind to the same kind of molecule (delta-receptors) on a cell’s surface when they attack human cells. Colonno, taking advantage of these common receptors, devised a strategy for blocking the attachment of rhinoviruses to their appropriate receptors. Rather than fruitlessly searching for an antibody that would bind to all rhinoviruses, Colonno realized that an antibody binding to the common receptors of a human cell would prevent rhinoviruses from initiating an infection. Because human cells normally do not develop antibodies to components of their own cells, Colonno injected human cells into mice, which did produce an antibody to the common receptor. In isolated human cells, this antibody proved to be extraordinarily fective at thwarting the rhinovirus. Moreover, when the antibody was given to chimpanzees, it inhibited rhinoviral growth, and in humans it lessened both the severity and duration of cold symptoms.

　　Another possible dense against rhinoviruses was proposed by Rossman, who described rhinoviruses’ detailed molecular structure. Rossman showed that protein sequences common to all rhinovirus strains lie at the base of a deep “canyon” scoring (score: to mark with lines, grooves, scratches, or notches) each face of the capsid. The narrow opening of this canyon possibly prevents the relatively large antibody molecules from binding to the common sequence, but smaller molecules might reach it. Among these smaller, nonantibody molecules, some might bind to the common sequence, lock the nucl acid in its coat, and thereby prevent the virus from reproducing.

　　21. The primary purpose of the passage is to

　　(A) discuss viral mechanisms and possible ways of circumventing certain kinds of those mechanisms

　　(B) challenge recent research on how rhinoviruses bind to receptors on the surfaces of cells

　　(C) suggest future research on rhinoviral growth in chimpanzees

　　(D) dend a controversial research program whose purpose is to discover the molecular structure of rhinovirus capsids

　　(E) evaluate a dispute between advocates of two theories about the rhinovirus life cycle

　　22. It can be inferred from the passage that the protein sequences of the capsid that vary most among strains of rhinovirus are those

　　(A) at the base of the “canyon”

　　(B) outside of the “canyon”

　　(C) responsible for producing nucl acid

　　(D) responsible for preventing the formation of delta-receptors

　　(E) preventing the capsid from releasing its nucl acid

　　23. It can be inferred from the passage that a cell lacking delta-receptors will be

　　(A) unable to prevent the rhinoviral nucl acid from shedding its capsid

　　(B) denseless against most strains of rhinovirus

　　(C) unable to release the viral progeny it develops after infection

　　(D) protected from new infections by antibodies to the rhinovirus

　　(E) resistant to infection by most strains of rhinovirus

　　24. Which of the following research strategies for developing a dense against the common cold would the author be likely to find most promising?

　　(A) Continuing to look for a general antirhinoviral antibody

　　(B) Searching for common cell-surface receptors in humans and mice

　　(C) Continuing to look for similarities among the various strains of rhinovirus

　　(D) Discovering how the human body produces antibodies in response to a rhinoviral infection

　　(E) Determining the detailed molecular structure of the nucl acid of a rhinovirus

　　25. It can be inferred from the passage that the purpose of Colonno’s experiments was to determine whether

　　(A) chimpanzees and humans can both be infected by rhinoviruses

　　(B) chimpanzees can produce antibodies to human cell-surface receptors

　　(C) a rhinovirus’ nucl acid might be locked in its protein coat

　　(D) binding antibodies to common receptors could produce a possible dense against rhinoviruses

　　(E) rhinoviruses are vulnerable to human antibodies

　　26. According to the passage, Rossman’s research suggests that

　　(A) a dense against rhinoviruses might exploit structural similarities among the strains of rhinovirus

　　(B) human cells normally do not develop antibodies to components of their own cells

　　(C) the various strains of rhinovirus differ in their ability to bind to the surface of a host cell

　　(D) rhinovirus versatility can work to the benit of researchers trying to find a usul antibody

　　(E) Colonno’s research findings are probably invalid

　　27. According to the passage, in order for a given antibody to bind to a given rhinoviral capsid, which of the following must be true?

　　(A) The capsid must have a deep “canyon” on each of its faces.

　　(B) The antibody must be specific to the molecular structure of the particular capsid.

　　(C) The capsid must separate from its nucl acid bore binding to an antibody.

　　(D) The antibody must bind to a particular cell-surface receptor bore it can bind to a rhinovirus.

　　(E) The antibody must first enter a cell containing the particular rhinovirus.

答案：17-27：BBADABECDAB