GRE难句解读——提高GRE阅读必须要过的第一关(八).

　　以下是澳际小编搜集整理的GRE难句解读——提高GRE阅读必须要过的第一关，大家练习时，要以“以实战的要求为目的”为大原则，难句子不仅出现在阅读中，还出现在句子填空、逻辑但体中，因此，对难句子得攻克变得相当重要。

　　81、 Because the potential hazards pollen grains are subject to as they are transported over long distances are enormous，wind pollinated plants have，in the view above，compensated for the　　ensuing loss of pollen through happenstance by virtue of producing an amount of pollen that is one to three orders of magnitude greater than the amount produced by species pollinated by insects. (5)

　　由于花粉粒在其长距离的运输过程中所要面临的潜在危险是巨大的，按上述观点来看，由风授粉的植物补偿了通过偶发事件而伴随造成的花粉损失。其途径是，制造出大于昆虫授粉的植物种类所产生的花粉量的一至三个数量级的花粉量。

　　难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语、省略

　　解释：本句就是上面所说的构成本篇文章首段的第二句话，而且本句的难度超过上一句。本句一上来就不好读，Because the potential hazards that pollen grains are subject to as they are transported over long distances are enormous,其中主语后的pollen grains are subject to本来就是一个定语从句，但是由于主语the potential hazards在从句中作介词to的宾语，所以引导词that被省略，这就显得句子的结构模糊不清，再加上as引导的状语从句，隔开了主语和谓语，给读者造成了较大的阅读困难。后面的分句中，句子的结构更为复杂：插入语、定语和状语层层相套。有两个词组需要解释一下：orders of magnitude指的是数量级，其中order是等级、级别的意思，而magnitude在此不是指重要、星球的光亮度，指的是尺寸大小和数量多少的程度，同义词是size,quantity,number。后面的speciespollinated by insects特指虫媒植物。

　　意群训练：Because the potential hazards pollen grains are subject to as they are transported over long distances are enormous，wind pollinated plants have，in the view above，compensated for the　　ensuing loss of pollen through happenstance by virtue of producing an amount of pollen that is one to three orders of magnitude greater than the amount produced by species pollinated by insects.

　　82、 For example，the spiral arrangement of　scale-bract complexes on ovule-bearing pine cones，where the female reproductive organs of conifers are located，is important to the production of airflow patterns that spiral over the cone’s surfaces，thereby passing airborne pollen　from one scale to the next. (5)

　　例如，带有胚珠的松球的鳞苞综合体的螺旋状安排，亦即松柏目植物雌性殖器官的所在位置，对于气流模式的形成与产生殊为重要，而这些气流模式在松球的表现盘旋上升，从而把在空气中飞行的花粉从一个鳞苞传播至下一个鳞苞。

　　难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语、专有名词

　　解释：本句的两大难点中，一是结构复杂，二是专有名词较多。在主语the spiral arrangement之后，出现了长长的定语，其中套了三层修饰，这样读者就难以把主语和谓语联系到一块。另外，句中的大量生词也明显干扰了我们的理解，spiral arrangment(螺旋状安排)、scale-bract complexes(鳞苞综合体)、ovule-bearing(携带胚珠的)、pine cones(松果)、female reproductive organ(雌性生殖器官)、airflow pattern(气流模式)等。其中只有后面的三个单词我们有可能根据常识大概猜出其含义。那么现场阅读时遇到这种东西又该如何处理呢?

　　可以肯定的是ETS的出题者并没有期望读者都是生物学家或物理学家，而且从众多的出题的情况来看，也根本不可能考到任何必须对专有名词作精确理解的内容。读到这种东西的时候，读者的首要任务是从联系文章出题的角度，读出这句话与文章主题有关的意思，从而理解它在文章中的作用。比如这个句子，读者只要能够读出the arrangement of female reproductive organs of conifers are important to reduce the ollen waste这个意思即可。

　　意群训练：For example，the spiral arrangement of　scale-bract complexes on ovule-bearing pine cones，where the female reproductive organs of conifers are located，is important to the production of airflow patterns that spiral over the cone’s surfaces，thereby passing airborne pollen　from one scale to the next.

　　83、 Friedrich Engels, however, predicted that women would be liberated from the “social, legal, and economic subordination” of the family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of “the whole female sex into public industry”. (3+)

　　FE,却预测妇女们将被从家庭的“社会、法律和经济压迫”中解放出来，只是通过使得征召“整个女性阶层进入公共的工业中去”成为可能的技术进步的方式做到的。

　　难句类型：复杂修饰、倒装

　　解释：本句的前半部分简单，后面的宾语从句中的第二个状语by technological developments 后面跟着的定语从句中出现了倒装：the made/possible/the recruitment of the whole female sex into public industry的正常语序应该是that made the recruiment of the whole female sex into public industry/possible/，固定搭配make…possible中的副词possible被倒装到了前面。

　　意群训练：Friedrich Engels, however, predicted that women would be liberated from the “social, legal, and economic subordination” of the family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of “the whole female sex into public industry”.

　　84、 It was not the change in office technology，but rather the separation of secretarial work，　　previously seen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers，from administrative　work that in the 1880’s created a new class of "dead-end" jobs，thencorth considered "women’s work." (5)十九世纪八十年代，产生了新的一类“没澳际”的职业，这并不是因为办公室技术发生了改变，而是由于秘书工作——在此之前被视作是初起步的经理们的一种习见训练——与行政工作的分离。自此以后，这类“没澳际”的职业便被视作是“女人的工作。”

　　难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语

　　解释：这句话的结构是It was something that,,,It是形式主语，其真正的内容是was之后、that、之前的something的内容。本句的something结构复杂、长度惊人，并且包含了一个较长的插入语，把固定搭配separation from分开，造成了极大的阅读困难，其实这个句子说得简单就是It was the separation of secretarial work from administrative work that created a new class of jobs。

　　意群训练：It was not the change in office technology，but rather the separation of secretarial work，　　previously seen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers，from administrative　work that in the 1880’s created a new class of "dead-end" jobs，thencorth considered "women’s work."

　　注：本文难度再分不清separation … from 的搭配关系

　　85、 The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth　　century had less to do with the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers，previously，in many cases，the only women employers would hire. (5)

　　二十世纪已婚妇女在家庭以外就业的人数不断增加，这与家务的机械化及这些妇女闲暇时间的增加并无多大联系，更多地是与妇女自身的经济需要和高婚姻率相关。高婚姻率致使所能雇佣的单身女工的总量缩减，而在此之前的许多情形中，单身女性则是雇主们所愿雇佣的唯一—一类妇女。 The pool of 如果后面跟着一群人，则表示劳动力资源

　　难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语

　　解释：主语the increase之后照例来了一堆修饰成分。后面的had less to do with…than do with…的意思是与前面的东西的关系不如与后面的关系那么重要，相当于中文的与其说还不如说…。但是本句的比较双方都是又臭又长的由and所连接的两个名词性短语，令读者阅读时的思维难以连贯。The pool of如果后面跟着一种人群，则这个词组指劳动力资源。

　　意群训练：The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth　　century had less to do with the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers，previously，in many cases，the only women employers would hire.

　　86、 For one thing, no population can be driven entirely by density-independent factors all the time.(5)难句类型：正话反说

　　请思考：如果文中说这句话的前提是：all population are driven by two (and only two) categories of growth parameters, one is density-independent factors, and the other is density-independent factors. 那么作者说上面的这句话有什么用意。

　　解释：本句虽然貌不惊人，但本书既然将其收录进来，并标出难度5，就意味着其中有怪异之处。值得一提的是，本文前面曾把控制种群密度的因素分为两种，一种叫做density-dependent factors(这里简称d-d因素)，另一种叫做dentsity-independent factors(简称d-I因素)。原文的直译虽然好懂，但是总令人感觉说得不甚明白。显然，GRE或GMAT的作者不可能随便说一句无关痛痒的话，那么没有任何种群能够在所有的时间全被d-I因素所控制，其真正意思是什么呢?就是：一切种群都必然在某个时间内受到d-d因素的控制。本句是ETS在考试中惯用的正话反说的典型例子，请读者深沉体会。本句在文章中也是理解作者态度的关键所在。

　　意群训练：For one thing, no population can be driven entirely by density-independent factors all the time.

　　87、 In order to understand the nature of the ecologist’s investigation，we may think of the density-dependent fects on growth parameters as the "signal" ecologists are trying to isolate and interpret，one that tends to make the population increase from relatively low values or decrease from relatively high ones，while the density-independent fects act to produce "noise" in the population dynamics. (5)

　　为了能理解生态学家们所从事的研究的性质，我们可以把那些作用于增长参数的密度依赖效应视作生态学家们力图将其分离并予以解释的“信号”，正是这一信号倾向于使种群从相对较低的数值递增，或从相对较高的数值递减;而与此同时，那些密度独立效应起到的作用则构成了种群动态变化中的“噪音”。

　　难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语、省略

　　解释：句子不仅很长，而且有两个地方看上去不舒服，第一：think of ..as…不是很常见，其实think of 这个词组就等于consider,imagine,加上后面的as就是把….认为是…的意思。第二个不习惯的地方是signal后面的大段修饰语，不但长度很长，而且在signal后面还省略了一个that，正常应该是the signal that ecologists are trying to isolate and interpret,,与前面见过对that的省略不同的是，这次that在句中不是句子的宾语，而是不定式动词的宾语。

　　意群训练：In order to understand the nature of the ecologist’s investigation，we may think of the density-dependent fects on growth parameters as the "signal" ecologists are trying to isolate and interpret，one that tends to make the population increase from relatively low values or decrease from relatively high ones，while the density-independent fects act to produce "noise" in the population dynamics.

　　88、 But the play’s complex view of Black self-esteem and human solidarity as compatible is no more "contradictory" than Du Bois’ famous，well-considered ideal of ethnic self-awareness　　coexisting with human unity，or Fanon’s emphasis on an ideal internationalism that also accommodates national identities and roles. (5)

　　但该剧有关黑人自尊可与人类团结相融合这一复杂观点，丝毫都不比杜波伊斯(Du Bois)的理想或法侬(Fanon)的强调来得更为“矛盾”：杜波伊斯提出的著名的、深思熟虑的理想是，民族的自觉可以和人类大同共存;法侬则对理想的国际主义进行了强调，而这一理想的国际主义同样也能兼容民族身份与角色。 No more … than :一样不

　　注：view Black self-esteem and human solidarity

　　ideal ethnic self-awareness coexisting with human unity

　　emphasis national identities and roles accommodates internationalism

　　难句类型：复杂修饰、抽象词

　　解释：本句的一个大难点就是对A no more “contradictory” than B的理解，与我们想当然的意思正相反，其意思不是A不如B更矛盾，而是A与B同样都不矛盾。A no more…than B这个固定搭配的意思是A与B一样都不….例如：I can no more swim than a hammar并不是说我游泳不如锤子游得好，而是说我与锤子一样都无法游泳。

　　另一个难点在于句子中大量的抽象词，给读者的词汇能力提出了较高的要求。但是功底较好的读者应该可以发现，句中用来比较的前后项中的描述三个作家的九组词汇形成了一个3×4的同义词矩阵，如上述的注。每一列都是同义词，可以看出，这三个人的观点是相同的，也可以看出作者英语功底之深。

　　意群训练：But the play’s complex view of Black self-esteem and human solidarity as compatible is no more "contradictory" than Du Bois’ famous，well-considered ideal of ethnic self-awareness　　coexisting with human unity，or Fanon’s emphasis on an ideal internationalism that also accommodates national identities and roles.

　　89、 In which of the following does the author of the passage reinforce his criticism of responses such as Isaacs’ to Raisin in the Sun?难句类型：复杂修饰、题干圈套 (5)

　　在以下哪一个选项中，文章的作者加强了她对类似这样的对于《》做出的反应的批判呢?

　　解释：为了对应原文，以上中文的翻译显得很笨拙，请读者原谅。需要说明的是，本题号称GRE五大难题之一。对于此题的市面上众说纷纭，皆不得要领，笔者很高兴能通过这本书把此题讲清楚，一来以正视听，二来解决同学们的疑难，三来提示ETS出题者的叵测居心。

　　此题之所以难解，是因为题干中藏有圈套。请仔细观察题干，它问的是作者对谁的批评?是对I一伙的所有批评家的responses还是对I个人的responses做出的批评呢?当然是对所有的responses。出题者在此设下陷阱，让读者怎么看都像是对I的responses的批评，可是文章中对于I的描述并没有能和选项匹配的说法，因此用I到文中去定位，这道题当然无法做出：而文中对与I抱有相同观点的全体评论家们对<太阳下的葡萄干>一书的反应的描述十分清楚：Indeed, a curiously persistent rusal to credit Hansberry with a capacity for intentional irony has led some critics to interpret the play’s thematic conflicts as mere confusion,contradiction, or eclecticism.Isaac, for exmaple,…

　　评论家们从一个错误的前提(即H不能intentianl icrony)推出一个错误结论，那么我们的作者应该怎么批评他们呢?当然要驳倒其assumption，说H是能作intentinal irony的。我们于是看到了D选项，intentianal 的完美的同义词：well-considered.从本题中可以体会到，对于句子的阅读能力是多么重要。

　　意群训练：In which of the following does the author of the passage reinforce his criticism of responses such as Isaacs’ to Raisin in the Sun?

　　90、 Inheritors of some of the　viewpoints of early twentieth-century Progressive historians such as Beard and Becker，these recent historians have put forward arguments that deserve evaluation. (3+)

　　作为二十世纪早期“进步派”史学家(如Beard和Becker)等人某些观点的继承者，这些近期的史学家所提出的观点值得我们予以评价。

　　难句类型：复杂修饰

　　解释：看够了后置的修饰成分，我们来看一个放在前面的同位语。Inheritors之后的长长的复合结构是主句的主语these recent historians的同位语。本句稍微有些难的地方在于，很容易把B和B与recent historians的关系看错。正确的理解是：recent historians是B和B的后继者，而不是相反。

　　意群训练：Inheritors of some of the　viewpoints of early twentieth-century Progressive historians such as Beard and Becker，these recent historians have put forward arguments that deserve evaluation.

　　91、 Despite these vague categories，one should not claim unequivocally that hostility between recognizable classes cannot be legitimately observed. (5)

　　尽管存在这些模糊范畴，但我们不应该断然声称，在各个易于辨认出的阶层之间所存在的敌对态度就无法被合理地观察到。

　　难句类型：复杂修饰、三重否定

　　解释：从这个例子可以看出，句子的难度也不全是与其长度成正比。比如这句话，既不算长又没有什么不认识的单词，但是偏偏很难看懂。看不懂的原因，是写文章的人使用了三重否定，should not unequivocally, cannot。在这里，可以明显看出ETS在考查我们的阅读能力，因为如果想把句子肯定的语气而不改变句子的意思是很容易的。Despite these vage categories, one may still claim dinitely that hostility between discernable classes can be validely observed.

　　意群训练：Despite these vague categories，one should not claim unequivocally that hostility between recognizable classes cannot be legitimately observed.

　　92、 Yet those who stress the achievement of a general consensus among the colonists cannot fully understand that consensus without understanding the conflicts that had to be overcome or repressed in order to reach it. (5+)

　　然而，有些史学家强调在殖民者之间曾出现过一种普遍的一致意见。这些史学家如果不认识到各种矛盾的存在，就无法充分地理解这种一致意见，而所有那些矛盾只有在被克服或压制之后才有可能获得那种一致意见。 It 指代：general consensus

　　难句类型：复杂修饰、双重否定

　　解释：本句同样不算长，但是难度却超乎寻常，而且本句在文章中是最后一句，文章的作者用本句话给出了他对文章中心论题的最后态度，不可谓不重要。据笔者观察，能够现场读懂这句话的读者绝不超过20%。

　　本句之所以难，是因为三个原因，第一，句子中的复杂修饰带给读者思维上的困难。第二，本句without引导的条件状语的表述不符合读者大脑中的语言及思维习惯。Without引导的介词结构作条件状语，在中文里面不一定要像笔者上面给出的翻译一样，要放在其推出的结论的前面，相当于，如果不…则…，而在英文中，它既可以放在前面，也可以后面，而且以出现在后面的情况居多。这就造成了中国读者的思维上的不习惯。不但如此，without之后的表达也让人看得不舒服，我们习惯的表达是without understanding that the conflicts had to be overcome or repressed in order to reach it.而句中把the conflicts和that调换了一下，变成了without understanding the conflict that had to be overcome or repressed in oreder to reach it，从语法上可通，但从句义上却看起来别扭。作者为什么不用看起来更通顺的前一种说法呢?这是因为两者的意思上存在细微的差别。前者强调的是要去理解泛指的矛盾被克服这件事，而后者强调的是要去正确理解特指的需要被克服才是理解整个抗英斗争的着急。

　　另外，句中的consensus和最后的it都是指殖民者的一致抗英的共识。

　　本句给读者造成的最大困难还在于它使用了双重否定，如果不理解那些必须被克服的矛盾，就不能理解这些共识，其意思就是只有理解了那些必须被克服的矛盾，才有可能理解这些共识。请读者反复阅读，以熟练掌握这种对于多重否定的思维转换。

　　意群训练：Yet those who stress the achievement of a general consensus among the colonists cannot fully understand that consensus without understanding the conflicts that had to be overcome or repressed in order to reach it.

　　93、 It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements regarding socioeconomic class and support for the rebel and Loyalist causes during the American Revolutionary War?(5)插入语多

　　从文章中可以推断出来，作者最有可能同意以下哪一个关于在美国革命战争中的社会经济各阶层及其对叛党和保王党的支持的陈述?

　　难句类型：复杂修饰

　　解释：句子是在regarding之后才开始难懂的。Regarding引导一个分词结构，修饰statement。分词中regard的宾语有两个，一个是socioeconomic class，另一个是support for the rebel and Loyallist caused,中间由and相连接，本句的不好懂之处在于，我们对support 的第一反应是把它当成动词，这样就有可能理解成and support for是与前面的agree with并列的谓语，当然这种理解在语法上是成立的，然而在逻辑上不成立。正确的理解是support作名词，与socioeconomic class并列。其实本题干的意思就是在问哪个阶层的人会支持哪一方。

　　意群训练：It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements regarding socioeconomic class and support for the rebel and Loyalist causes during the American Revolutionary War?

　　94、 She wished to discard the traditional methods and established vocabularies of such dance forms as ballet and to explore the internal sources of human expressiveness.(5)

　　她希望抛弃传统的方法和像芭蕾舞这样已经确立的舞蹈语言，而希望探索人类表现力的内在源泉。

　　难句类型：复杂修饰、省略、抽象词、易淆结构

　　解释：本句尽管用词抽象，但给读者带来直接威胁的还是句子的结构，句中由两个and连接起三部分内容，这在语法上似乎说不通，可实际上这两个and在句子中所处的层次其实是不同的，第一个and连接了discard的两个宾语，也可以看成是and后面省略了不定式to discard,也就是说第一个and 是在不定式中的并列，而第二个and的层次要高于前面的第一个and。

　　读者读到established的时候容易犯两种错误，一是把and之后的established看成是与wished并列的谓语，二是把established看成是与discard并列的不定式。其实这两种理解在语法上都行不通;如果与wished并列，则后面要加不定式，如果与discard并列，它本身就必须是动词原型。

　　其实在阅读的现场，考生根本就没有时间去考虑其语法，上面所说的把established读错，还是因为读者很少见到established作形容词的用法及两个and居于不同层次的情况。

　　意群训练：She wished to discard the traditional methods and established vocabularies of such dance forms as ballet and to explore the internal sources of human expressiveness.

　　95、 Although it has been possible to infer from the goods and services actually produced what manufactures and servicing trades thought their customers wanted，only a study of relevant personal documents written by actual consumers will provide a precise picture of who wanted what. (5)

　　尽管有可能从实际制造的商品和服务中可推知制造商和服务业认为他们的顾客所需要的是什么，但只有对由实际顾客撰写的相关的个人文件进行一番研究，方能提供一幅精确的图画，藉以说明“什么样的人”需要什么样的东西。

　　难句类型：复杂修饰、倒装

　　解释：前面的it是形式主语，主语真正的内容在不定式中。不定式中的大规模倒装，是这个句子读不懂的主要原因：infer的宾语是what从句，而infer和从句之间被以from为首的作状语的介词结构所分隔。正常语序应该是：to infer what manufactures and servicing trades thought their customers wanted from the goods and services actually produced.后面的分句也不好读：主语很长，而且句末的宾语precise picture后面的修饰成分of who wanted what也是比较少见的。

　　意群训练：Although it has been possible to infer from the goods and services actually produced what manufactures and servicing trades thought their customers wanted，only a study of relevant personal documents written by actual consumers will provide a precise picture of who wanted what.

　　96、 With regard to this last question, we might note in passing that Thompson, while rightly restoring laboring people to the stage of eighteen-century English history, has probably exaggerated the opposition of these people to the inroads of capitalist consumerism in general: for example, laboring people in eighteen-century England readily shifted from home-brewed beer to standardized beer produced by huge, heavily capitalized urban breweries.(4)

　　关于这个最后的问题，我们可以顺便指出，T尽管正确的使劳动人民重返十八世纪英国的历史舞台，但是她又可能吹嘘了这些人对于资本主义消费观在普遍意义上的敌视态度;比如说，十八世纪的英国劳动人民就很容易从家酿的啤酒转而引用由大型的、资本密集的城市酿酒厂生产的标准啤酒。In passing:顺便的、随便的、偶然的

　　难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语

　　解释：本句的难点就在于句子开始的we might note in passing that Thompson…一句中，不认识in passing这个词组，现场就无法读懂这句话的结构和含义;好在这里这个词组没有什么特别重要的意思，即使跳过也不耽误大事。

　　In passing的意思是：顺便地，随便地或偶然地，其在英文中的同义词就是brily,incidentally。句子中的note in passing that…就是“顺便提一下”，“简单说一句”的意思。

　　意群训练：With regard to this last question, we might note in passing that Thompson, while rightly restoring laboring people to the stage of eighteen-century English history, has probably exaggerated the opposition of these people to the inroads of capitalist consumerism in general: for example, laboring people in eighteen-century England readily shifted from home-brewed beer to standardized beer produced by huge, heavily capitalized urban breweries.

　　97、 The correlation of carbon dioxide with temperature, of course, does not establish whether changes in atmospheric composition caused the warming and cooling trends or were caused by their.(4+)

　　当然二氧化碳与大气温度之间的相互联系并不能确定到底是大气成分的变化引起了气候的变暖和变冷的趋势，还是大气成分的变化是由气候的冷暖变化造成的。

　　难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语、省略

　　解释：本句主句中的谓语establish在GRE、GMAT和LSAT的阅读文章中除了可以作建立的意思以外，还有一个更常用的意思，就是确定、确证的意思，等于determine, prove或confirm，另外，本句的省略很容易使读者将指代关系搞混：在最后的or were caused by their当中，存在两处省略：or之后省略了与whether一句中相同的主语changes (in atmospheric composition);最后的their之后又省略了与whether从句中的主语一样的changes。这里不管将their之后被省略的内容看成是warming and cooling trends还是看成composition都是错误理解。

　　意群训练：The correlation of carbon dioxide with temperature, of course, does not establish whether changes in atmospheric composition caused the warming and cooling trends or were caused by their.

　　98、 Such philosophical concerns as the mind-body problem or，more generally，the nature of　　human knowledge they believe，are basic human questions whose tentative philosophical solutions have served as the necessary foundations on which all other intellectual speculation has rested. (5 -)

　　他们相信，诸如灵与肉的问题，或更普遍而言，人类知识的性质等此类哲学关注，均是一些基本的人类问题，其探索性的哲学答案已构成一个必要的基础，其它所有的智力思辩均赖以建立其上。

　　难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语、倒装、抽象词

　　解释：本篇文章所讨论的主题就是哲学的起源问题，因此在这篇文章中出现大量的抽象词，是理所当然的。

　　然而本句的开始的结构比较特殊，出现了一个倒装结构，正常的语序应该是：They believe that such philosophical concerns as the mind-body problem or, more generrally, the nature of human knowledge, are basic human question…。笔者说此结构特殊，并不是因为我们司空见惯了的倒装本身，而是因为从句子的结构来讲，此倒装毫无必要，并无头重脚轻之虞。作者之所以这样写，一是为了强调句首的、作为文章主题的哲学，二是为了使句式有所变化，不至于过分单一，三是为了为难一下考生，看看读者看懂了没有，后面就对这句话出了一道题。

　　意群训练：Such philosophical concerns as the mind-body problem or，more generally，the nature of　　human knowledge they believe，are basic human questions whose tentative philosophical solutions have served as the necessary foundations on which all other intellectual speculation has rested.

　　99、 The idea of an autonomous discipline called "philosophy，" distinct from and sitting in judgment on such pursuits as theology and science turns out， on close examination，to be of quite recent origin. (4)

　　细作审视，我们便不难发现，一种被称为“哲学”的独立学科——既有别于神学和科学诸般学科，并高高在上地对其予以评判——的思想，其渊源却是甚为近期的事。

　　难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语、抽象词

　　解释：本句与上面那句话出自同一篇文章，因此用户仍很抽象，在此解释几个对读句子比较重要的单词。

　　sit in judgment on :审视，做出判断，本文中特指文章前面所说的superior to;

　　pursuit:不是追求，而是指被从事的事业=occupation, career, interest, etc.

　　turn out:被证明是，实际是，同义词有：prove to be, be discovered to be。

　　这句话除了单词的问题之外，两个插入语把主谓宾全部隔开，尤其是第一个插入语还很长，造成了我们阅读的困难。

　　意群训练：The idea of an autonomous discipline called "philosophy，" distinct from and sitting in judgment on such pursuits as theology and science turns out， on close examination，to be of quite recent origin.

　　100、 They were fighting, albeit discreetly, to open the intellectual world to the new science and to liberate intellectual life from ecclesiastical philosophy and envisioned their work as contributing to the growth, not of philosophy, but of research in mathematics and physics.(5-)他们战斗着，尽管是谨慎的，来为学术界打开新科学的大门，而且去把学术生活从宗教哲学中解脱出来，而且他们把自己的工作看成是对科学和物理学而不是对哲学成长做出了贡献。

　　难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语、省略、抽象词

　　解释：本句再一次出现两个and连接三个不属于同一层面的成分的情况：第一个and 连接两个并列的不定式，第二个and的级别较高，连接前后两个并列的句子，and之后相当于省略了主语they.第二个插入语起到的干扰作用比较大，把the growth of分割成了the growth, not of philosophy, but of…。

　　意群训练：They were fighting, albeit discreetly, to open the intellectual world to the new science and to liberate intellectual life from ecclesiastical philosophy and envisioned their work as contributing to the growth, not of philosophy, but of research in mathematics and physics.

　　以上便是GRE难句解读——提高GRE阅读必须要过的第一关第八部分，希望对各位考生有所帮助。