剑4文章分析：play is a serious business.

　　A 段( introduce the topic/problem )

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　　首句开门见山引出文章主题： Playing is a serious business. 后面的句子主语都是具体名词( children, fox )不用看。而后出现指示性词语 but ，后面内容说明很重要。“ For a start, play can cost animals their lives. ”就引出关于“玩”的问题所在EuE.既然玩可能会付出生命的代价,说明它确实很严肃,那么玩到底能给动物带来些什么呢,这就是问题所在了.下面出现数字具体名词等都是细节，不用看。

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　　B 段 (literature review)

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　　首句设问，自问自答，答案在第二句。 The latest idea suggests that play has evolved to build big brains. In other words, playing makes you intelligent.

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　　这句话就是段落主旨句，既然文章要论证玩是严肃的事，所以这里就搬出最新理论说明玩和智力发展的关系。

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　　C,D 段( Comment on the previous theories )

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　　C ， D 两段主要承接 B 段提出的理论进行分析批判

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　　C 段：批判 Exercise theory

　　首句： Take the exercise theory.

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　　D 段：批判 Skill-training hypothesis

　　首句： Then there’s the skill-training hypothesis.

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　　通过 C ， D 两段尾句可以发现玩和身体健康以及培养技能没有必然的联系，故下文内容大致可以推断为作者提出他自己的看法。

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　　E 段( writer’s approach )

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　　作者认为玩直接和大脑有关，从首句从句内容即可发现： There is a strong positive link between brain size and playfulness among mammals in general.

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　　F ， G ， H 段都应该是 supporting evidences

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　　F 段( supporting evidence 1: the timing of play and brain )

　　首句 the timing of the playful stage in young animals provides an important clue to what’s going on.

　　记住文章的论述的主题是玩和大脑的关系，所以这句话就意在揭示玩的时间段和大脑的关系。通过尾句我们可以找到这种联系： I concluded it’s to do with learning and with the importance of environmental data to the brain during development.

　　玩的时间决定着大脑发展中环境数据的输入。

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　　G 段( supporting evidence 2: Play and the activated areas of brain )

　　首句： People have not paid enough attention to the amount of the brain activated by play

　　玩能激起大脑很多部分的开发。

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　　H 段 (Supporting Evidence 3: play and higher cognitive process)

　　首句： …but it also seems to activate higher cognitive process.

　　玩还能激发高级的认知能力

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　　I 段(展望未来)

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文章来自澳际陈豪老师