雅思阅读材料：茶与工业革命.

　　下面是一篇关于科技类的雅思阅读材料，这篇雅思阅读材料的主要内容是介绍了茶和工业革命之间千丝万缕的关系以及相关的内容。下面是详细内容，供大家参考，希望给大家带来帮助。

　　In 1947 at 6 years of age, Macfarlane, the son of a tea planter in Assam, came to England and the difference between Third World India and the homeland hit him hard. He remembers, "From the cosy, warm outpost, I arrived in the depths of one of the coldest winters. Britain was more ficient but seemed to have lost some of the emotion and warmth of the place I had come from. Ever since then, I have wanted to know how these two worlds could have diverged so". The difference he guessed was down to industrialisation, which brought him round to the question; how did the Industrial Revolution come about?

　　For historians there was one interesting factor around the mid-18th century that required explanation. Between about 1650-1740, the population was static, but then there was a burst in population. Macfarlane says "The infant mortality rate halved in the space of 20 years, and this happened in both rural areas and cities, and across all classes." Four possible causes have been suggested; was there a sudden change in the viruses and bacteria around? -unlikely. Was there a revolution in medical science?- this was a century bore Listers revolution. Was there a change in environmental conditions? - there were improvements in agriculture that wiped out malaria, but these were small gains and sanitation did not become wide spreads until the 19th century. The only option lt is food, however the height and weight statistics show a decline at this time, so food actually got worse and forts to explain the sudden reduction in child deaths appeared to draw a blank.

　　The population burst seemed to happen at just the right time to provide labour for the Industrial Revolution. But why? Macfarlane says "When you start moving towards an industrial revolution, it is economically ficient to have people crowding together, but then you get disease, particularly from human waste"

　　Historical records revealed that there was a change in the incidence of waterborne disease at that time, especially of dysentery, and Macfarlane deduced that whatever the British were drinking must be important in regulating disease. He says; "We drank beer and ale. For a long time, the English were protected by the strong antibacterial agent in hops, which were added to make beer last longer". However in the late 17th century a tax was introduced on malt resulting in the poor turning to water and gin, and in the 1720s the mortality rate began to rise again then it suddenly dropped again but what caused it?

　　Macfarlane looked to Japan which was also developing large cities at this time and also had no sanitation, however waterborne diseases had a much looser grip on the Japanese population than those in Britain. Could it therore be the prevalence of tea in their culture? Macfarlane says "That&aposs when I thought, what about tea in Britain?"

　　Tea in Britain was relatively expensive until a direct clipper trade with China was started in the early 18th century and by the 1740s about the time infant mortality was dipping, tea was common. Macfarlane guessed that the fact that the water had to be boiled, together with the stomach-purifying properties of tea, meant that the mothers breast milk was healthier than it had ever been. No other European nation sipped tea like the British, which by Macfarlane&aposs logic pushed them out of contention for the revolution. If tea is the factor in the combination lock, why didn&apost tea soaked Japan forge ahead and have an industrial revolution of its own?

　　The reason, Macfarlane believes, is that it turned its back on the essence of any work-based revolution by giving up labour-saving devices, such as animals, afraid they would put people out of work. Astonishingly, the nation that is now thought of as one of the most technologically advanced entered the 19th century having abandoned the wheel. Macfarlane notes that while Britain was undergoing the Industrial Revolution, Japan was undergoing an industrious one.

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