2017年7月4日雅思阅读机经回顾.

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　　Passage One

　　新旧情况：新

　　题材：发展史

　　题目：The Origin of �Cameras

　　题型：填空 4+ 表格 4+ 判断 5

　　文章大意(类似文章及旧题仅供参考)

　　The Origin of Cameras

　　The history of the camera can be traced much further back than the �introduction of photography. Cameras evolved from the camera obscura, and �continued to change through many generations of photographic technology, �including daguerreotypes,calotypes, dry plates, film, and digital cameras.

　　Photographic cameras were a development of the camera obscura, a device �possibly dating back to the ancient Chinese and ancient Greeks, which uses a �pinholeor lens to project an image of the scene outside upside-down onto a �viewing surface.

　　An Arab physicist, Ibn al-Haytham, published his Book of Optics in 1021 AD. �He created the first pinhole camera after observing how light traveled through a �window shutter. Ibn al-Haytham realized that smaller holes would create sharper �images. Ibn al-Haytham is also credited with inventing the first camera �obscura.

　　On 24 January 1544 mathematician and instrument maker Reiners Gemma Frisius �ofLeuven University used one to watch a solar eclipse, publishing a diagram of �his method in De Radio Astronimica et Geometrico in the following year. In 1558 �Giovanni Batista della Porta was the first to recommend the method as an aid to �drawing.

　　Bore the invention of photographic processes there was no way to preserve �the images produced by these cameras apart from manually tracing them. The �earliest cameras were room-sized, with space for one or more people inside; �these gradually evolved into more and more compact models such as that by �Niépce's time portable handheld cameras suitable for photography were readily �available. The first camera that was small and portable enough to be practical �for photography was envisioned by Johann Zahn in 1685, though it would be almost �150 years bore such an application was possible.

　　答案

　　1. drum

　　2. rotator

　　3. paper

　　4. illusion

　　5. photography

　　6. mirror

　　7. disco

　　8. on a screen

　　9. T

　　10. F

　　11. F several of CC(一种电影) still exist today

　　12. T

　　13. NG

　　(答案仅供参考)

　　Passage Two

　　新旧情况：新

　　题材：科技

　　题目：The treetop �Research

　　题型：配对（段落包含）5+ 配对（人名匹配）5+ 填空 2　　�

　　文章大意(近似背景文章)

　　What is the TreeTop Barbie project?

　　TreeTop Barbie was designed to inspire youth – especially young girls – to �become aware of the field of the forest canopy. She is a real Barbie doll, but �wears hand-tailored clothes that are modeled on real field clothes and climbing �gear, including a field guide to canopy plants and animals (both Barbie- and �human-sized). The TreeTop Barbie package includes the doll and a personal letter �from Barbie about forests and their importance to people.

　　What issues does this project address?

　　TreeTop Barbie can serve as a role model to encourage young girls in �directions that are alternatives to the mainstream Barbie doll and what she �represents in our society. TreeTop Barbie and her accompanying educational �materials also provide a link between youth and an exciting part of the natural �world in tropical and temperate ecosystems. ?

　　How can I get a TreeTop Barbie?

　　TreeTop Barbie is distributed by The International Canopy Network (ICAN), a �not-for-profit organization dedicated to promoting forest canopy conservation �through research and education. Funds generated will support this and other �outreach activities.

　　Exploration of forest canopies is no easy task—since researchers can't �cross between tree-tops, they have to clamber up trunks, explore, descend, and �then climb the next. Or they did, until the advent of the SolVin Bretzel Canopy �Raft.

　　A canopy raft is, basically, an inflatable PVC pontoon frame with �high-tension ? netting spread between. They're pre-inflated and lifted into �positioned via airship, dirigible, or helicopter. Once in position, the rafts �are set down among the tree-tops, allowing researchers unfettered access to the �uppermost reaches of the forest ecosystem. Scientists can observe from the raft, �rappel from it too—they can even live on its temporary floor for several days at �a time.

　　The pretzel shape of the raft in the top image is known as a SolVin �Bretzel, created by architect Gilles Ebersolt (yes, like "Pretzel" but in �German), a recent design that replaced the previous, octagonal raft shape. Its �unique 400m2area offers numerous advantages over its predecessors. It's a more �structurally sound platform that maximizes surface area, preventing any outlying �section from folding or collapsing. It's also extremely lightweight—meaning it �doesn't crush the new growth of the canopy upon which it rests.

　　答案：

　　14. E opinion of experts on a certain access method have changed

　　15. D a description of physical limitation of a certain access

　　16. F

　　17. A the details of ecological and environmental of canory

　　18. B a description of lack of cooperation and research

　　19. c

　　20. e

　　21. a

　　22. d

　　23. b

　　24. asserts

　　25. ballon

　　(答案仅供参考)

　　Passage Three

　　新旧情况：新

　　题材：书籍

　　题目：The Grimme Fairy �Tale

　　题型：判断 6+ 单选 3+ 完成句子 5

　　文章大意（近似背景知识介绍）

　　Grimm's Fairy Tales

　　This book contains 209 tales collected by the brothers Grimm.

　　The exact print source is unknown. The etext appears to be based on the �translation by Margaret Hunt called Grimm's Household Tales, but it is not �identical to her edition. (Some of the translations are slightly different, the �arrangement also differs, and the Grimm's scholarly notes are not include �d.)

　　The first volume of the first edition was published in 1812, containing 86 �stories; the second volume of 70 stories followed in 1815. For the second �edition, two volumes were issued in 1819 and a third in 1822, totaling 170 �tales. The third edition appeared in 1837; fourth edition, 1840; fifth edition, �1843; sixth edition, 1850; seventh edition, 1857. Stories were added, and also �subtracted, from one edition to the next, until the seventh held 211 tales. All �editions were extensively illustrated, first by Philipp Grot Johann and, after �his death in 1892, by German illustrator Robert Leinweber.

　　The first volumes were much criticized because, although they were called �"Children's Tales", they were not regarded as suitable for children, both for �the scholarly information included and the subject matter. [1] Many changes �through the editions – such as turning the wicked mother of the first edition in �Snow White and Hansel and Gretel (shown in original Grimm stories as H?nsel and �Grethel) to a stepmother, were probably made with an eye to such suitability. �They removed sexual rerences—such as Rapunzel's innocently asking why her �dress was getting tight around her belly, and thus na?vely revealing to her �stepmother her pregnancy and the prince's visits—but, in many respects, �violence, particularly when punishing villains, was increased.

　　In 1825, the Brothers published their Kleine Ausgabe or "small edition", a �selection of 50 tales designed for child readers. This children's version went �through ten editions between 1825 and 1858.

　　Influence

　　The influence of these books was widespread. W. H. Auden praised the �collection, during World War II, as one of the founding works of Western �culture. The tales themselves have been put to many uses. Hitler praised them as �folkish tales showing children with sound racial instincts seeking racially pure �marriage partners, and so strongly that the Allied forces warned against them; �for instance, Cinderella with the heroine as racially pure, the stepmother as an �alien, and the prince with an unspoiled instinct being able to distinguish. �Writers who have written about the Holocaust have combined the tales with their �memoirs, as Jane Yolen in her Briar Rose.

　　The work of the Brothers Grimm influenced other collectors, both inspiring �them to collect tales and leading them to similarly believe, in a spirit of �romantic nationalism, that the fairy tales of a country were particularly �representative of it, to the neglect of cross-cultural influence. Among those �influenced were the Russian Alexander, the Norwegians, the English Joseph �Jacobs, and Jeremiah Curtin, an American who collected Irish tales. There was �not always a pleased reaction to their collection. Joseph Jacobs was in part �inspired by his complaint that English children did not read English fairy �tales;[8] in his own words, "What Perrault began, the Grimms completed".

　　Three individual works of Wilhelm Grimm includeAltd?nische Heldenlieder, �Balladen und M?rchen ('Old Danish Heroic Songs, Ballads, and Folktales') in �1811, über deutsche Runen ('On German Runes') in 1821, and Die deutsche �Heldensage ('The German Heroic Saga') in 1829.

　　答案

　　27. N the Grimme brother knew they would gain international fame, the �lasting fame would shock the Grimmes

　　28. NG the Grimmes were inforced to do work of their own secret

　　29. Y the sales of Fairy Tale in England was higher than in German

　　30. NG

　　31. Y some parents still thought the Fiary Tale was not good for their �children

　　32. N the fairy Tale author considered the man who made contribution to �????? ? the story of Cinderella as the original model

　　33. A the flowering of children literature level in 1800s

　　34. A-illustration the change of Fairy Tale in order to match with the �modern times (rining & resoftening)

　　35. C

　　36. D another contributor of the Fiary Tale in Italy

　　37. F the reason why some people think the Fiary Tale belongs to German

　　38. H some violent stories

　　39. E

　　40. D

　　(答案仅供参考)

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