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托福阅读词汇该如何备考?.

刚刚更新 编辑: 浏览次数:472 移动端

说道托福培训及考试,很多考生又要捶胸顿足一番了,托福阅读词汇又是背单词。单词还能怎么样啊?就是背啊。天亮背到天黑,醒了背,睡前背,总之就是用生命在背单词那,换言之,就是你的词汇量得到8000才能应付托福阅读那冗长的学术文章,才能考到不那么丢脸的分数。

错!绝大部分考生只知道托福对词汇量要求很多,但是他们却不知道什么叫考点词汇,什么叫认知词汇,什么叫完全不需要了解完全不需要懂的词汇。

首先来区分一下这两类词汇,考点词汇,众所周知托福阅读10大题型中其中一个就是词汇题,而它的比重能占接近三分之一,每次考试会有12道左右的词汇题。

【Paragraph 1】The earliest discovered traces of art are beads and carvings, and then paintings, from sites dating back to the Upper Paleolithic period. We might expect that early artistic forts would be crude, but the cave paintings of Spain and southern France show amarked degree of skill. So do the naturalistic paintings on slabs of stone excavated in southern Africa. Some of those slabs appear to have been painted as much as 28,000 years ago, which suggests that painting in Africa is as old as painting in Europe. But painting may be even older than that. The early Australians may have painted on the walls of rock shelters and cliff faces at least 30,000 years ago, and maybe as much as 60,000 years ago.

1. The word “marked” in the passage is closest in meaning to

considerable

surprising

limited

adequate

这是TPO 4 Cave Art in Europe中笔者截取的一道词汇题。

首先,我们不难发现,词汇题考察的是和这个词最接近的含义,换言之,问的是这个考点词的同义词;

第二,这个考点词在文章中被高亮了,我们也可以很快根据上下文的一些线索猜出这个单词的意思;

第三,考点词若是形容词,那么四个选项也都是形容词,我们无法通过词性排除答案;

第四,选项的难度往往简单于考点词。

解释完了考点词的特点之后,问题来了,什么样的词可以作为考点词呢?市面上也没有一本词汇书叫托福考点词汇呀。其实考点词很好理解,考点词就是会有同义词的词,以动词和形容词为主,考生可以想一想恐龙、哺乳动物、岩浆、石灰石是考点词吗?能找出同义词吗?Of course not. 所以从现在开始只需要积累考点词,而且是以组为单位,少则两个,多则十个为一组。

接下来,考生们又要发问了,即使我知道我要背动词和形容词,可是还是很多啊,老师能不能给个范围啊?没问题,马上帮你锁定备考范围,词汇题妥妥地秒秒钟选答案。

1. exploit

2. encounter=meet

3. bulk=large

4. persistent=lasting

5. manifestation=show

6. adjacent=next to

7. stationary=fixed

8. penetrate=pass through

exploit在TPO作为考点词一共出现过5次,exploit=utilize, make use of, use to advantage (TPO 6 Power the Industrial Revolution; TPO 17 Animal Signals in Rain Forest)

bulk=mass (TPO 15 Mass Extinction of Dinosaurs)

persistent=enduring (TPO 15 Biological Clock)

adjacent=nearby (TPO 3 Long-term Stability in Ecosystem; TPO 34 Islamic Art and the Book)

penetrate=pierce (OG Green Icebergs)

上面所摘抄的2014年12月27日学生回忆的词汇题,一共8个,其中5个都在TPO的词汇题中出现过,所以考点词你可以着手于TPO中的词汇题,先把TPO的词汇题全部掌握,这是priority。

接下来是2014年12月28日的考试,词汇题如下:

1. diffusion=spread

2. chronological=a list of events and dates

3. contention=debate

4. devoid=lack

5. a wealth of=abundant

6. elaborate=complicated

7. subsequent=later

8. coincidence=occur at the same time

9. remarkable=striking

如果你是个有心人,如果你一直对机经情有独钟,那么这九个词汇你一定不会错过,它们就是2014年5月24日的词汇题。意思就是2014年12月28日的三篇阅读完全重复2014年5月24日的,所以词汇题也是一模一样的。再直白一点,所有考过的词汇题,下场考试你就可能会遇到,意思就是除了TPO词汇题,你要关注每场考试的词汇题,直到你考试前的那一场结束,你会发现这些词汇重复的频率极高,所以笔者刚才说过,词汇题你可以做到秒秒钟选答案。

解释完考点词之后,澳际海外考试研究中心的们下面来讲述什么叫认知词汇,认知两个字其实很好懂,意思就是这些词不需要背诵,不需要知道读音,不需要知道拼写,看到它们大概知道意思就好了,甚至有时候知不知道意思都没那么重要。

举例:

【Paragraph 5】The third type of symbiosis, mutualism, benits both partners in the relationship Legume plants and their nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and the interactions between flowering plants and their pollinators, are examples of mutualistic association. In the first case, the plants provide the bacteria with carbohydrates and other organic compounds, and the bacteria have enzymes that act as catalysts that eventually add nitrogen to the soil, enriching it. In the second case, pollinators (insects, birds) obtain food from the flowering plant, and the plant has its pollen distributed and seeds dispersed much more ficiently than they would be if they were carried by the wind only.

8. According to paragraph 5, the relationship between legumes and bacteria benits the soil by

adding enriching carbohydrates

speeding the decay of organic matter

destroying enzymes that pollute it

contributing nitrogen to it

这是TPO 17 Symbiotic Relationship的一道事实信息题,很多学生看到这篇文章的大标题就已经开始措手不及了,因为symbiotic是生词,完全不知道讲的是什么关系,其实不用怕,考试的时候要有这样的自信,你不认识的词80%的考生也不认识,所以文章一定会对这个词进行下定义,解释说明,或是举例例证。

A symbiotic relationship is an interaction between two or more species in which one species lives in or on another species. 文章段句就是个下定义的句子A is....; 所以symbiotic relationship是共生关系,两个或两个以上的物种的互动,其中一个物种生活在另一个物种的体内,或是靠另一个物种而活。紧接着,我们通过题干的legume and bacteria benit soil定位,发现它在第五段的第二句话,毋庸置疑,这句话确实出现了很多生词,很长,很陌生,但是这些都无需认识。

小编带领大家阅读一下这个句子,我们可以跳过所有生词,仍然能把这道题解出来。The plants provide the bacteria with carbohydrates and other organic compounds, and the bacteria have enzymes that act as catalysts that eventually add nitrogen to the soil, enriching it. 植物给bacteria提供了carbonhydrates和other organic compounds, 并且bacteria有enzymes, 它作为catalysts最终给土壤添加了nitrogen, 使得土壤肥沃。

所以获利就是给土壤添加nitrogen, 让土壤肥沃,答案是D。D选项中的nitrogen居然是原文原词,然后我们再来查查字典,那些我们刚刚在做题时不认识的单词到底是什么意思。bateria是细菌;carbonhydrates碳水化合物;organic matter有机物;enzyme酶,catalyst催化剂;nitrogen氮,所有的这些单词的中文都好熟悉,好像初中高中化学学过。不管它们是什么意思,有一点可以确定,它们无法被同义改写,所以它们就是土豆A,番茄B,它们在文章中是A,那么它们在选项中也一定肯定绝对还是A,所以这些词没必要背下来。

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