SAT2美国历史知识点之最早的四位美国总统.

　　下面为大家整理的是关于SAT2美国历史知识点中美国建国以后最开始的四位总统及其在任期间最重要的一些事件。这三位总统是美国各种法律和制度的最早建立者，大家如果能够熟练掌握，对后面其他知识点有更大的帮助。

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　　George Washington (1789-1796)

　　--Office:

　　 Secretary of State: Thomas Jferson

　　Secretary of Treasury: Alexander Hamilton

　　 --increase national debt; pay debts at face value; take state debts (assumption) (make Southern states angry, so capital’s in Virginia); excise taxes and tariffs; Bank of United States

　　Judiciary Act of 1789: creating Supreme Court that Constitution dined

　　Bill of Rights: first ten Amendments, about the rights people can have

　　French Revolution: later French in war with Britain and Spain

　　Neutrality Proclamation: proclamation by Washington to remain neutral in the war

　　Jays’ Treaty: with Britain; okay relationship, but cannot stop Britain’s Indian support

　　Pinckney’s Treaty: Spain’s offer from fear of Anglo-American ally

　　Whiskey Rebellion: rebel against excise tax on whisky

　　Battle of Fallen Timbers: Miami confederacy battle with US and British rused to help Indians

　　 Treaty of Greenville: Indians cede Ohio with US payments

　　Washington’s Farewell Address: everyone two terms; reaffirmed the principle of neutrality

　　John Adams (1797-1800)

　　--not popular (forthright & honesty)

　　XYZ Affair: French diplomat ask for huge bribery; angered Americans

　　 Convention of 1800: restoring relationship; end war alliance since Revolution war

　　Alien and Sedition Acts: send back “troublesome” foreigners; silence the anti-gov words

　　 Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions: Jferson & Madison’s; “states can ruse unconstitutional laws”

　　Thomas Jferson (1800-1808)

　　--Revolution of 1800 (Anti-federalists); many labor men get vote

　　--reversing Alien & Sedition Acts & Hamilton’s exercise tax & expansion in national debt

　　Judiciary Act of 1801: Adams adding “midnight judges” to Supreme Court

　　John Marshall (the longest-living Federalist in gov) court:

　　Marbury v. Madison: establish the principle of “judicial review”; Supreme Court has the final authority to determine constitutionality

　　McCulloch v. Maryland: US Bank constitutional and state cannot tax it

　　Cohens v. Virginia: Supreme Court can review state courts’ decision about gov power;

　　Gibbons v. Ogden: only Congress regulates interstate commerce;

　　Fletcher v. Peck & Dartmouth College v. Woodward: property rights & business independence

　　Louisiana Purchase: Napoleon wants focus on Europe

　　 Louis and Clark Expedition: find water route, friendship with Indians, making maps

　　War with Tripoli (1801-1805): against pirates in North Africa

　　Burr Treason trial

　　 --the one impeded by Hamilton in 1800 election and killed Hamilton in a duel; also a Democratic Republican

　　Orders in Council & Impressment: British’s law that closes French Seaports & forcing sailors to enlist

　　　　Chesapeake Affair: British navy fire on this American ship; caused Embargo

　　Embargo Act (1807): no foreign trade at all; hurt Americans more than British

　　West Africa Squadron: British navy attacked slavery trade ships after it abolished slavery in 1807

　　James Madison (1808-1816)

　　Non-Intercourse Act: repealed Embargo Act, remaining only British and French

　　 Macon’s Bill No. 2: either Britain or France trade restored if it repeals its attack on American ships

　　--Napoleon (falsely) followed, but US must go

　　War Hawks: those who want a war with Indians and British, including Henry Clay, John Calhoun

　　Battle of Tippecanoe: last try of Iroquois Confederacy, by Tecumseh’s attempt to unite tribes; made Harrison war hero

　　以上就是关于这四位美国总统的SAT2美国历史知识点的总结，非常详细，用不同的颜色标识出了不同类别和重点的知识点。大家在备考自己的SAT2美国历史考试的时候也可以自己进行适当的总结和应用。

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