SAT单词讲义:形近字总结.

四形近字（一）

注意：里面很多使伴考单词，主考单词我会在里面重点讲解的。

1. 以aunt结尾的单词： 　　dauntv.使胆怯，使畏缩　 （打阿姨） 　　dauntlessadj.勇敢的，无畏的　 　　undauntedadj.不屈不挠的，无畏的 　　flauntv.炫耀，张扬 （飞到阿姨面前去炫耀） 　　gauntadj.憔悴的，瘦削的 （g看成鬼，阿姨今天象鬼一样，憔悴的） 　　hauntv.常到，（事情）萦绕心头（h和阿姨一起到常到的地方去逛街）　 　　hauntingadj.不易忘怀的 　　jauntv.短程旅游　 （j接阿姨，因为阿姨短途旅行归来） 　　jauntyadj.愉快的，满足的 　　tauntv.嘲笑（联系tease，踢阿姨，当然你不敢了，只能是开个玩笑，甚至嘲笑）

Saunter 漫步 （aunter阿姨们走s形路线，显然是在漫步） （1）Readers previously__ by the complexity and__ of Joyce’s Ulysses will find Gilbert’s study of the novel a helpful introduction.

(A)charmed, obscurity

(B) rejected, length

(C) inhibited, intelligibility

(D)daunted, allusiveness

(E) enlightened, transparency

（2）Fortunately, she was_ her accomplishments, properly unwilling to _ them bore her friends.

(A) excited by------ parade

(B) immodest about--- discuss

(C) deprecatory about---- flaunt

(D) uncertain of-----concede

(E) unaware of-----conceal

看一下自谦的人的做法

2. 以light结尾的单词

Blight（没有了光就陷入困境）困境

Plight（扑到光上会枯萎）枯萎

Delight（delighted高兴的）高兴的

3. 以rim结尾的单词

Trim 修剪（T象一把剪刀）

Brim边缘 （b看成是边缘）

Grim憔悴的 （g还是看成鬼）

4. 以ash结尾的单词

Abash 使羞愧

Cash 现金

Dash 猛摔

Flash 闪光弹

Gash 伤口

Quash （＝quell）镇压

Rash 鲁莽

Lash 鞭笞

Squash 压碎

Mash 捣碎

5． 以urnish结尾单词

Burnish 擦亮（burn烧，很光亮）

Furnish 装饰 （furniture）

Tarnish 玷污 （tar 擦，使失去光泽）

Polish 擦亮（pol刨光）擦亮

5. Complacent自满的 rapture 狂喜（ecstatic） adept 熟练的

Complaisant谦逊的 rupture 破裂 adapt 适应

The patient is subject to emotional__: she is utterly ecstatic one minute and thoroughly__ the next.

(A)impoverishment, enervated

(B) upheavals, euphoric

(C)extremes, downcast

(D)deviations, wayward

(E) stability, unresponsive

ecstatic <> downcast 正好对应一对反义词。

6．assent统一 decent体面的indecent（无耻的） canny谨慎的

ascent上升 descent下降（scent上升） cunning 狡猾的

ascetic禁欲主义dissent不满的（sent, consent, resentful） uncanny（strange, mysterious）

7．Coarse 粗糙的 cogent有说服力的 discreet 谨慎的

Hoarse 沙哑的 coagent合作者 discrete 分离的

8．－chant

（1）chantey 船歌

（2）merchant商业的

（3）chanting喊口号，表达自己强烈的情绪

The chanting crowds of angry protestors turned the dedication ceremony of the controversial new building into a ------ rather than a celebration.

(A) colossus

(B) milestone

(C) debacle

(D) consecration

(E) fabrication

Debacle：an event or situation that is a complete failure. 崩溃

（4）enchant= entice, induce 引诱

（5）penchant for= disposition on, tendency to, propensity for偏好于…

The spotted bowerbird has a__ for amassing the bright shiny objects it needs for decorating its bower: it will enter houses to___ cutlery, coins, thimbles, nails, screws, even car keys.

(A)knack, assess

(B) penchant, pilfer

(C) purpose, dispense

(D)predilection, disturb

(E) remedy, raid

再增加两个谐音词mercenary（每思拿利）唯利是图的

Pilfer（剽窃） 剽窃

（6）trenchant= incisive一针见血的

expressed very strongly, fectively, and directly without worrying about offending people

看到这个单词我想到了“宋祖德”。。。。。。他对王菲，twins，陈冠希事情的曝光绝对的trenchant

1）、Because rap and hip-hop offer such____ commentary on contemporary issues, they are often said to be sharp-edged musical genres. （sharp-edged尖刻的）

(A) nebulous(B) trenchant(C) circumspect

(D) prosaic (E) benign

2）、Though his earlier books contained relatively subtle criticisms of the inequalities in his country, Wynn’s later novels were much more____ in their approach.

(A) jubilant(B) veiled(C)trenchant(D)indirect(E) mundane

Subtle: behaving in a skilful and clever way, especially using indirect methods or language to hide what you are trying to do.以一种非常技巧（间接描写等来掩饰自己的真正意图）的方式来写作，在这个意思层面上trenchant<>subtle

在第四讲的反义词串讲里我们会碰到subtle<>obvious, trenchant <>vague/dull

其实subtle<>trenchant （subtle：indirectly的写或者说，而trenchant是directly，fectively的写和说。并主义veiled的意思，我们在前面已经讲过了。

（7）arid 干燥 asunder 粉碎的 stray 游离 severe 严重的

avid 热心 sunder 切开 astray 游离的，误入歧途的 server 服务员

abide 遵守 thunder 打雷 stay 停留 sever 切断

遵守： abide with, adhere to, conform to

(8) –ine结尾的与动物有关的adj

1）asinine愚笨的(来自驴子ass)

2）bovine （似）牛的，迟钝的 （来自牛，bull，如ebullient，rambunctious）

3）canine犬的，似犬的（来自狗can，如cynical，canny谨慎的）

4）elephantine 笨拙的,巨大的（mammoth 猛犸象的，巨大的；titanic 巨大的；monolithic 大石头，巨大的，可以看出这些大都是和具体大动物或大东西相通的）

5）leonine 狮子的（lionize崇拜，看重）

6）serpentine 象蛇一样的，蜿蜒的

7）porcine 猪的,似猪的

8）vulpine 狐狸的，狡猾的

8） porcupinen．豪猪,箭猪。我们看一篇文章，这是一篇关于porcupine woman和beaver man的故事。

“Once upon a time, there was a porcupine woman who decided to do some hunting on the far side of the river. She went to the bank, where she met a beaver man.

“Hello,” she said to him. “I need to do some hunting over there. will you ride me across on your back?

“ I’d glad to” replied the beaver, “Hop on”

So the porcupine woman climbed on his back, and he started swimming for the other side. When he had almost made it, the porcupine woman said, “Oh, my! I’ve forgotten to bring my sack（口袋）. I’ll need to go back to the other bank and get it.”

“All right” said the beaver, and swam back. He was panting while the porcupine woman went to get her sack.

“ok, let’s go” So they started across again. The beaver was swimming much more slowly. When they had practically reached the other side, she said, “oh, my! I’ve forgotten to bring my needle（针）. We will have to go back and get it.”

This time the beaver did not say anything---he did not have enough breath! But he turned around and pulled them back to the shore and nearly passed out while she got her needle.

“Hurry up, now” the porcupine woman said as she climbed back on his back. He could hardly keep his nose above water, but he had almost made it to the far bank again when she said, “oh, my! I have forgotten my staff, We will have to...”

Bore she had finished her sentence the beaver had flipped over in the water and dragged himself onto the bank, where he lay half dead. The porcupine woman managed to make the shore too, and climbed up onto a bear path. When she had caught her breath, she turned on the beaver and quilled（用刺刺死，因为豪猪身上全是刺，而海狸皮特别薄） him to death.

结果：The hunter is about to become the hunted, and all because of her own improvidence.

Improvidence：先见之明。

讨论：

1. 从法律上说， porcupine woman和beaver man制定的协议有什么缺陷？最大的缺陷是什么？（没有合同规定的义务和细则）

2. 从男女关系上，证明了：一个失败的男人背后背着一个多事的女人，sigh….

四形近字（一）

注意：里面很多使伴考单词，主考单词我会在里面重点讲解的。

1. 以aunt结尾的单词： 　　dauntv.使胆怯，使畏缩　 （打阿姨） 　　dauntlessadj.勇敢的，无畏的　 　　undauntedadj.不屈不挠的，无畏的 　　flauntv.炫耀，张扬 （飞到阿姨面前去炫耀） 　　gauntadj.憔悴的，瘦削的 （g看成鬼，阿姨今天象鬼一样，憔悴的） 　　hauntv.常到，（事情）萦绕心头（h和阿姨一起到常到的地方去逛街）　 　　hauntingadj.不易忘怀的 　　jauntv.短程旅游　 （j接阿姨，因为阿姨短途旅行归来） 　　jauntyadj.愉快的，满足的 　　tauntv.嘲笑（联系tease，踢阿姨，当然你不敢了，只能是开个玩笑，甚至嘲笑）

Saunter 漫步 （aunter阿姨们走s形路线，显然是在漫步） （1）Readers previously__ by the complexity and__ of Joyce’s Ulysses will find Gilbert’s study of the novel a helpful introduction.

(A)charmed, obscurity

(B) rejected, length

(C) inhibited, intelligibility

(D)daunted, allusiveness

(E) enlightened, transparency

（2）Fortunately, she was_ her accomplishments, properly unwilling to _ them bore her friends.

(A) excited by------ parade

(B) immodest about--- discuss

(C) deprecatory about---- flaunt

(D) uncertain of-----concede

(E) unaware of-----conceal

看一下自谦的人的做法

2. 以light结尾的单词

Blight（没有了光就陷入困境）困境

Plight（扑到光上会枯萎）枯萎

Delight（delighted高兴的）高兴的

3. 以rim结尾的单词

Trim 修剪（T象一把剪刀）

Brim边缘 （b看成是边缘）

Grim憔悴的 （g还是看成鬼）

4. 以ash结尾的单词

Abash 使羞愧

Cash 现金

Dash 猛摔

Flash 闪光弹

Gash 伤口

Quash （＝quell）镇压

Rash 鲁莽

Lash 鞭笞

Squash 压碎

Mash 捣碎

5． 以urnish结尾单词

Burnish 擦亮（burn烧，很光亮）

Furnish 装饰 （furniture）

Tarnish 玷污 （tar 擦，使失去光泽）

Polish 擦亮（pol刨光）擦亮

5. Complacent自满的 rapture 狂喜（ecstatic） adept 熟练的

Complaisant谦逊的 rupture 破裂 adapt 适应

The patient is subject to emotional__: she is utterly ecstatic one minute and thoroughly__ the next.

(A)impoverishment, enervated

(B) upheavals, euphoric

(C)extremes, downcast

(D)deviations, wayward

(E) stability, unresponsive

ecstatic <> downcast 正好对应一对反义词。

6．assent统一 decent体面的indecent（无耻的） canny谨慎的

ascent上升 descent下降（scent上升） cunning 狡猾的

ascetic禁欲主义dissent不满的（sent, consent, resentful） uncanny（strange, mysterious）

7．Coarse 粗糙的 cogent有说服力的 discreet 谨慎的

Hoarse 沙哑的 coagent合作者 discrete 分离的

8．－chant

（1）chantey 船歌

（2）merchant商业的

（3）chanting喊口号，表达自己强烈的情绪

The chanting crowds of angry protestors turned the dedication ceremony of the controversial new building into a ------ rather than a celebration.

(A) colossus

(B) milestone

(C) debacle

(D) consecration

(E) fabrication

Debacle：an event or situation that is a complete failure. 崩溃

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