【美国】MPP和MPA专业详解

　　1、MPA 是公共管理硕士(Master of Public Administration) 专业学位的英文简称, 是以公共管理学科及其他相关学科为基础的研究生教育项目, 其目的是为政府部门及非政府公共机构培养高层次、应用型专门人才。(立即咨询)

　　MPA 教育是一种通才教育, 其目标是培养公共事务管理和公共政策研究与分析方面的高级应用型人才, 为政府机关和非营利的非政府公共机构培养具有现代公共管理理论和公共政策素质、掌握先进分析方法及技术、精通一些具体政策领域的专业化管理者、领导者、政策分析人才以及(中高级) 职员。培养对象是政府机关或非政府公共机构有实践经验的在职人员。这种培养目标决定了在培养过程中, 注重实际能力与素质的培养, 教学内容面向社会, 尤其是公共领域中所面临的实际问题。

　　2、MPP是公共政策硕士(Master of Public Policy)专业学位的英文简称，其培养的方向和目标和MPA基本一致。其课程设置也与MPA相似，主要分为核心课程、选修和专业分支课程以及暑期实习。

　　MPP的职业趋向与MPA在着重点上大有不同，MPP课程主要培养学生分析评估信息以解决政策问题的能力。强调运用定量、定性的数据分析方法来评估和预测相应的政策，解决当下出现的社会问题和挑战。通俗来说，就是MPP强调的是，运用具体数学、统计学和经济学等工具，对当下的公共政策经行评估或者对将要出台的公共政策经行预测，从而对政府的政策实施和制定提供量化的、具体的绩效标准，属于后台工作;而MPA则更加强调如何去执行和推行相关公共政策，属于前台工作。因此，在两个专业的核心课程设置中，可以看出MPA将更多的核心课程放在咨询、公共预算、信息系统处理和政策规划与实施上，而MPP除了对上述课程的要求之外，还强调学生在统计学、数据分析、宏观和微观经济学以及政策评估等课程的深入学习上。

　　MPP和MPA的区别

　　二者是既有区别又有联系的。前者主要培养公共管理的领导人员，即领导团队，管理事务，执行政策等。主要的方向包括公共部门管理，非营利部门管理，公共财政与金融，国际发展等领域。而后者主要着眼于政策分析、制定与评估。为学生提供公共政策的基础理论和方法论、从地方到全球范围的公共政策现状以及社会政治、经济、文化、环境等各领域的政策，旨在培养学生运用政策工具、管理政策过程、实施政策分析的能力。MPP主要集中在政策分析，研究还有制定，MPA主要集中在管理和执行层面。

　　英文介绍

　　The Masters of Public Administration (MPA) degree is the professional degree for students seeking a career in public service or nonprofit management. MPA programs develop the skills and techniques used by managers to implement policies, projects, and programs that resolve important problems within their organization and in society.

　　Specializations offered by NASPAA programs include areas such as public management, nonprofit management, health care management, international development, urban affairs, human-resource management, state/local government administration, and financial management. .

　　The MPP

　　The Masters of Public Policy (MPP) degree is the professional degree for analyzing, evaluating, and solving all aspects of policy. As analysts and managers, MPP graduates work with quantitative and qualitative data to develop, assess, and evaluate alternative approaches to current and emerging issues.

　　Specializations offered by NASPAA programs include analysis in a myriad of public policy areas, including: environmental, education, health, social, economic development, international, and urban policy.

　　MPA Courses: Coursework for MPA candidates typically includes required core courses and a concentration or specialization. Core courses often include introduction to public administration, budgeting/finance, managerial economics, political and legal processes, quantitative methods, and ethics.

　　MPP Courses: Coursework for MPP candidates typically includes required core courses and a concentration or specialization. Core courses often include introduction to public policy, statistics and data analysis, public finance, micro/macro economics, policy analysis methods, quantitative methods, and ethics.

　　What's the difference?

　　MPA and MPP programs have blended and converged as complements to one another, with courses and specializations often overlapping. Some schools combine the degrees and name them differently. For example, schools may offer a master's degree in public management and policy. Others may offer a master's degree in public affairs (MPAff). Check individual programs as they are all different.

　　In general, MPA programs place more emphasis on management and implementation techniques, while MPP programs emphasize policy research and evaluation. For example, a course on analyzing policy methods would be more popular among MPP students, while a course in managerial economics may pertain more to MPA students. Be sure to check each school to find the program fit for you.

　　Both programs usually take 2 years to complete full time, and most schools offer a part-time option as well. In addition, many schools provide evening classes for students who already have a job or may be pursuing one. Also, it is important to note that every school is different in what it provides and specializes in. One school may focus on nonprofit management, another may be well-known for its program in state/local administration, and others may be famous for specific policy topics.

　　澳际成都分支 美国留学专家 唐丽君老师