托福考试，长难句实例解析！

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　托福考试中，阅读比较难的一点就是生词多的情况下句子长，其实长句子也不可怕，只要将结构捋清楚，大意明白了就不必要在个别单词上较真。毕竟阅读考的整体的意思以及局部的细节分析。来看看长难句实例分析：

　　1、In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet itspurpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them——evenwhile building materials have changed dramatically.(44)

　　大家先自己理解，多想想，先别看解析，看不明白，再看下面的解析。

　　(In order for the structure) (to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose), architecture employs methods of support that, (because they are based on physical laws), have changed little since people first discovered them—— (even while building materials have changed dramatically. )

　　老邪分析：一个句子重点在于主干，看懂了主干，就看懂了句子的主要成分。以下主干为句子中红色部分，括号里均是修饰成分。

　　修饰一：(In order for the structure)，介词短语

　　修饰二：(to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose)，非谓语做形容词性修饰structure

　　修饰三：(because they are based on physical laws)，插入语，插入语记得先跳过去，断句别出问题，that和have changed是在一起的。

　　(老师，啥叫插入语?嗯，好问题，改天我专门讲讲这些概念。上过课并认真听的同学，你懂的。)

　　修饰四：(that have changed little sincepeople first discovered them.从句修饰support

　　修饰五：(even while building materials have changed dramatically. )，从句

　　括号外面的是主干：architectureemploys methods of support，注意support这里是名词。

　　已经拆成这么短了，你再试试看，应该能看懂了吧?其实在理解句子的时候比较容易犯错在于断句和语序，语序和中文有差异，下次我讲修饰成分的时候一并讲。

　　参考翻译：为了使结构达到必要的大小和强度去满足它的目的，建筑学上使用了一些支撑的方法，因为这些方法都是基于物理定律，所以尽管建筑材料已经发生了巨大变化，这些方法却自人们发现它们以来就没有什么变化。

　　2、Fuller devised a type of dance that focused on the shifting play of lights and colors on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore, which she kept in constant motion principally through movements of her arms, sometimes extended with wands concealed under her costumes. (44, OG)

　　voluminous.adj.(指衣物)用料多的, 宽松的, 肥大的;

　　drapery.n.布料

　　wand. n. 棍; 棒; 杖; (尤指小仙子或魔术师用的)魔杖

　　costume. n. 服装, 服装式样

　　Fuller devised a type of dance (that focused on the shifting play of lights and colors on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore), (which she kept in constant motion principally through movements of her arms), (sometimes extended with wands concealed under her costumes).

　　分析：

　　修饰一：(that focused on the shifting play of lights and colors on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore)，从句，修饰dance，大家注意skirts or draperies (she wore)这里还有一个从句哦。

　　中文：专注于灯光的变换和她所穿宽松的裙子或布料颜色

　　修饰二：(which she kept in constant motion principally through movements of her arms)，从句，修饰前面skirts or draperies，其实是keep skirts or draperies inconstant motion…

　　中文：她主要通过手臂的移动使裙子或布料保持连续的移动

　　修饰三：(sometimes extended with wands concealed under her costumes)，非谓语动词，修饰arms。主要这里with wands (concealed under her costumes)中concealed under her costumes修饰wands

　　中文：有时候手臂由于隐藏在衣服下面的手杖而变长

　　主干：括号外面的，Fullerdevised a type of dance

　　参考翻译：Fuller设计了一种(专注于灯光的变换和她所穿宽松的裙子或布料颜色)的舞蹈，在舞蹈中，她主要通过手臂的移动使裙子或布料保持连续的移动，有时候手臂由于隐藏在衣服下面的手杖而变长。

　　这个句子的主要修饰成分就是从句和非谓语动词，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。

　　3、Her dancing also attracted the attention of French poets and painters of the period, for it appealed to their liking for mystery, their beli in art for art’s sake, a nineteenth-century idea that art is valuable in itself rather than because it may have some moral or educational benit, and their forts to synthesize form and content. (57, OG)

　　appeal v.恳求，呼吁;(对某人)有吸引力~to sb; (使某人)感兴趣;上诉

　　for one’s sake为了…的缘故

　　synthesize.v. 合成，综合

　　这里是分界线，先自己分析哦。

　　Her dancing also attracted the attention (of French poets and painters) (of the period), (for it appealed to their liking for mystery, their beli in art for art’s sake, (a nineteenth-century idea that art is valuable in itself rather than because it may have some moral or educational benit),and their forts to synthesize form and content.)

　　老邪分析：

　　修饰一：(of French poets and painters)，介词短语，修饰the attention。大家注意英文喜欢把修饰成分放在后面，这个很重要。

　　中文：法国诗人和花季。

　　修饰二：(of the period) ，介词短语，修饰French poets and painters，也是放在后面哦。

　　修饰三：(a nineteenth-century idea that art is valuable in itself rather than because it may have some moral or educational benit)，同位语，用来解释说明前面的beli，这个同位语语放在这里分割了原句，大家断句的时候要注意。

　　中文：一个19世纪的思想：艺术本身比它所带来的道德或教育利益更有价值。

　　修饰四：(for it appealed to their liking for mystery, their beli in art for art’s sake , and their forts to synthesize formand content.)，从句，表示原因，大家注意我把同位语去掉了(因为不重要)，这样更能看清重要内容。这里有一个并列结构，是一个A, B, and C结构，不知道大家在看的时候有没有看出来，A= their liking for mystery，B= their beli in art for art’ssake，C= their forts to synthesize form and content，插入语解释B。

　　中文：因为它吸引了他们对于神秘的喜好、他们为艺术而艺术的信仰以及他们把形式和内容融合到一起所作的努力

　　主干：括号外面的，Her dancing also attracted the attention

　　参考翻译：

　　她的舞蹈还吸引了当时法国一些诗人和画家的注意，因为它吸引了他们对于神秘的喜好、他们为艺术而艺术的信仰(这是一个19世纪的思想：艺术本身比它所带来的道德或教育利益更有价值)以及他们把形式和内容融合到一起所作的努力。

　　这个句子的主要修饰成分就是从句和同位语，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。

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