宾语从句（The Object Clause）（二）

　　在英语学习中，遇到宾语从句应该怎么理解，或者怎么去写一个正确的从句，下面，来给大家详细介绍下宾语从句。

　　学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。

　　比较下面几个句子

　　I don't know the phone number.

　　I don't know what’ his phone number is.

　　I don't know if this is his phone number.

　　一.宾语从句的分类:.

　　1 作动词的宾语:

　　I heard that he would come here later on.

　　2 作介词的宾语:

　　He said　nothing about who broke the window last night.

　　3 作形容词的宾语：

　　I am sure I will pass the exam.

　　二.宾语从句中引导词(连接词)的用法

　　从属连词 that(陈述句),if,whether(是否)，

　　连接代词who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever , whatever, whichever等.连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.

　　连接副词 when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.

　　(一) that引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合that可以省略)

　　1 只起连接作用，无词意，通常第一个that 可省。

　　可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：

　　say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。

　　The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.

　　2在以下情况中that不能省略

　　1)、当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。

　　I believe(that)you have done your best and that things will get better.

　　2)当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。

　　Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.

　　当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。I can’t tell him that his mother died.

　　3)当it作形式宾语时 例句：She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him.

　　4)当宾语从句前置时 That our team will win，I believe.

　　5). that从句单独回答问题时。如：

　　—What did he hear? 他听说了什么事?

　　—That Kate had passed the exam. (他听说)凯特考试及格了。

　　3 宾语从句的否定转移

　　当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。

　　I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.

　　注意：

　　1)主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.

　　I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?

　　I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, won't she/he?

　　We suppose you have finished the project, haven't you?

　　如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词(不包含带有否定前缀的词，如：unhappy，unfair，dislike等),其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.

　　We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he?

　　2)当主句的主语是第二、三人称时，其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。

　　Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesn't she?

　　You thought they could have completed the project, didn't you?

　　They don't believe she's an engineer, do they?

　　She doesn't expect that we are coming so soon, does she?

　　3)在think,believe,suppose,guess等及物动词及I’m afraid等表达的后面，可用so,或not代替一个宾语从句，so 代替肯定句，not 代替否定句，该宾语从句通常是上文提到的一件事。

　　—Are we late?

　　---I’m afraid so.

　　----Do you think he will come?

　　----No,I think not./I don’t think so.

　　注: I don’t think /believe/suppose/expect so.这种结构不能用于动词guess和hope,guess和hope 只能用I hope/guess not.

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