宾语从句

　　　在英语学习中，遇到宾语从句应该怎么理解，或者怎么去写一个正确的从句，下面，未大家详细介绍下宾语从句。

　　宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。当然,也可以由一个句子来充当,称之为宾语从句;英语的及物动词后必须有宾语;除及物动词有宾语之外，英语介词后面也要有宾语;某些形容词如worth,careful等后也可有宾语;宾语有直接宾语和间接宾语之分。即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语，这两个宾语统称为"双宾语"。

　　一 不同词类作宾语

　　1. 名词作宾语

　　She is playing the piano now.

　　2. 代词作宾语

　　We all like him.

　　She doesn't know me.

　　3. 数词作宾语

　　Give me four.

　　4. the+形容词/v-ed/v-ing结构作宾语。

　　1) The young should respect the old .

　　2) They went to help the dying and the wounded.

　　3) They are searching for the lost .

　　二. 非谓语类作宾语

　　1.不定式作宾语

　　We all like to go to school.

　　注意: I don’t know what to do next.

　　2.动名词作宾语

　　The boss hates workers’ complaining.

　　三. 从句类作宾语

　　I think he is right.

　　Do you understand what I mean?

　　I asked whether there are any chemist's shops in this street.

　　Give him whatever he needs.

　　We can rely on whomever we can trust.

　　She will give whoever needs help a warm support.

　　四. 两种特殊带宾语的结构

　　1.一些形容词可有宾语

　　常用的情感形容词有：sure, afraid ,glad ,pleased ,happy ,worried ,sad ,sorry

　　The book is worth reading.

　　2.介宾结构

　　Are they listening to the professor?

　　Are they satisfied with us?

　　He passed the exam by cheating.

　　五.it用作形式宾语(基本用法)

　　I think it no need talking about it with them.

　　He makes it a rule never to borrow money.

　　Did you make it clear why she didn't come?

　　I think it very strange that he goes out walking almost every night.

　　She won’t like it if you arrive late.

　　六. 双宾语

　　有些及物动词可接两个宾语(双宾语)，即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。

　　1. 常用句型为 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。

　　Give me a cup of tea, please.

　　You don’t need to show him how to do it.

　　He has told me where they lives.

　　2. 下面几种情况，通常要用介词to或for引起的短语：

　　1). 当直接宾语是人称代词(it/them)时。如：

　　The watch is Li Lei's. Please give it to him.。

　　2). 当强调间接宾语时。如：

　　Mother cooks breakfast for us every day.

　　3). 当间接宾语比直接宾语长时。如：

　　On the bus, he often gives his seat to an old person.

　　4) 由to连接间接宾语的动词有：give, lend, bring, show, tell, write, send, hand, teach, offer, sell, promise, pass ,take等.

　　5) 由for连接间接宾语的动词有： buy, make, leave, do, choose, order, sing, win, cook, get 等

　　注意： I will ask him a question. I will ask a question of him.

　　七. 同源宾语(Cognate Object)

　　少数不及物动词能带一个在词根上与动词相同或相近意义的宾语，即同源宾语

　　1. 能带同源宾语的动词有：lead, live, die, sleep, dream, breathe, smile, laugh, fight, run, sing等。

　　Under the leadership of the Party, the peasants are living a happy life.

　　I dreamed a terrible dream last night.

　　Our soldiers fought a wonderful fight against the floods last August.

　　He died a heroic death.

　　2. 同源宾语前面可带形容词作定语。这时，“动词+定语+同源宾语”的结构在意义上相当于“动词+与定语意义相同的状语”。二者相比，前者语气更强一些。

　　We slept a comfortable sleep last night.

　　(= We slept comfortably last night.)

　　Professor Smith died a sudden death last Wednesday.

　　(= Professor Smith died suddenly last Wednesday.)

　　注意：同源宾语前面通常带有定语。

　　fight a good fight breathe a deep breath

　　laugh a foolish laugh smile a forced smile

　　3. 同源宾语的修饰语是形容词最高级或含有最高级意义时，该同源宾语常可以省去。

　　You should run your fastest(race).

　　The old man breathed his last(breath)this morning.

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