明确主语，大作文不跑题

　　写雅思大作文时，同学们常常会遇到的一个问题：如何准确地称呼不同年龄段的议论对象(或者主语)?因为这不仅是要实现主语多变避免重复，而且只有把称呼对象搞清楚了，写作时才会不跑题(off-topic)，例如《剑5》中一篇大作文题目如下：

　　In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people to do this.

　　很多学生在写这篇作文时，主语会写成high school students或者university students， 这明显是错误的。这里的主语到底是什么年龄段的呢?题目中给了young people, 所以首先可以用young adults来替换.其次看young people是有定语的: young people between finishing high school and starting university studies, 根据意思，我们可以用high school graduates 或者 university candidates 来替换。同样，在《剑4》中还有一篇同样需要明确议论对象的Task 2：

　　Some people believe that children should be allowed to stay at home and play until they are six or seven years old. Others believe that it is important for young children to go to school as soon as possible.

　　这篇作文最重要的是要明白讨论的是哪两个不同年龄的对象：children before six or seven years old 以及children at the age of six or seven years old。所以年龄在这篇文章中非常重要，为了不写偏题，我们看看官方范文用了N次强调年龄：

　　1. at around the age of six or seven

　　2. up to that age

　　3. when they are much younger

　　4. at the age of six

　　5. at an early age

　　6. of a similar age

　　7. older or younger

　　因此在大作文写作时，要特别注意议论对象的年龄，以及对不同年龄主语的称谓。下面我们就来总结一下吧!

　　中文English

　　一岁前儿童newborns;infants;babies;

　　两、三岁儿童toddlers

　　三到六岁儿童nursery school students; kindergarten students;

　　preschool students;

　　young children

　　七岁到十二岁学生primary school students; children

　　青少年teenagers; youngsters; the youth; adolescents;

　　secondary school students

　　大学生high school graduates;

　　university candidates;

　　university students

　　young adults (people)

　　中年人adults，middle-aged people

　　老年人the old/ elderly/ aged people

　　senior citizens

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