雅思写作布局与结构

　　一篇好的议论文，离不开精妙的构思，构思犹如建房子的蓝图，是文章的关键，其好坏很大程度上决定了文章的成败。拿到作文题目，构思会经历一个由庞杂到单纯，又千头万绪到形成一条明确线索的过程。雅思写作的构思可以从纵横两个方面来考量。纵为谋形，形乃文章之架构;横为谋势，势乃文章之观点。有形无势，起不到威慑的作用;有势无形，显示不出文笔的力度。所以真正的写作，要把构架与观点结合起来，以势而动，那便会无往而不胜了。

　　我们将Argumentation与report类两类作文分别讲述其写作框架。

　　Argumentation类：

　　大家应该明确，雅思写作从思路上十分重视我们看待一个事件，现象，问题或观点的辩证性，即任何事件既有好处又有坏处，任何观点既有支持者又有反对者，必定要从两个方面来论述，体现出我们辩证思考问题的能力(critical thinking)。几乎所有雅思写作中的话题的特征都在于其可辨性，也就是说，大家无论什么时候都应该朝辩证的方向努力。

　　1：基本框架：

　　本题的核心主题是什么

　　有好处，有人支持有坏处，有人反对

　　为什么

　　第一点， 及细节支持

　　第二点， 及细节支持为什么

　　第三点， 及细节支持

　　第四点， 及细节支持

　　2：总框架：

　　开头段 引入题目中要求谈论的核心主题，可能的话进行一定的延展-----然后可以表明自己的观点(也可不表明)

　　中间一段 支持自己的分论点1，再进行延展;

　　支持自己的分论点2，再进行延展。

　　中间两段 提出自己的反方观点或主题的另一个方面，进行一定的说明，然后对其进行有效评价，反驳。

　　结尾段 重申自己的总论点，再加上可能的补充说明。

　　真题实战：You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

　　Write about the following topic:

　　In some countries,young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies.

　　Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this.

　　基本框架：

　　核心主题：高中和大学间是否应该有一年间隔

　　有好处(有人支持)有坏处(有人反对)

　　第一点：可以锻炼学生的独立性。

　　第二点：可以开阔视野，丰富社会经历。

　　第三点：可以确定好人生目标与方向，更好地选择大学专业。第一点：学生不回来上学，不能适应学校学习。

　　第二点：在社会上工作或旅行有可能受到不良影响。

　　总框架：

　　第一段：引入题目中要求谈论的核心主题，可能的话进行一定的延展，表明总论点：支持一年间隔、好处大于坏处。(注：总论点可以写在结尾段，但构思时要确定好总论点)

　　第二段：支持自己的分论点1：可以锻炼学生的独立性，进行延展。

　　支持自己的分论点2：可以开阔眼界，丰富社会经历，进行延展。

　　第三段：提出主题的另一个方面：有坏处：学生不回来上学或不能适应学校学习进行一定的说明，然后对其进行有效评价，反驳。

　　第四段：重申自己的总论点，再加上可能的补充说明。

　　It is quite common these days for young people in many countries to have a break from studying after graduating from high school.The trend is not restricted to rich students who have the money to travel,but is also evident among poorer students who choose to work and become economically independent for a period of time.

　　The reasons for this trend may involve the recognition that a young adult who passes directly from school to university is rather restricted in terms of general knowledge and experience of the world.By contrast,those who have spent some time earning a living or traveling to other places,have a broader view of life and better personal resourse to draw on.They tend to be more independent ,which is a very important factor in academic study and research,as well as giving them an advantage in terms of coping with the challenges of student life.

　　However,there are certainly dangers in taking time off at that important age.Young adults may end up never returning to their studies or finding it difficult to readapt to an academic environment.They may think that it is better to continue in a particular job,or to do something completely different from a university course.But overall,I think this is less likely today,when academic qualifications are essential for getting a reasonable career.

　　My view is that young people should be encouraged to broaden their horizons.That is the best way for them to get a clear perspective of what they are hoping to do with their lives and why.Students with such a perspective are usually the most effective and motivated ones and taking a year off may be the best way to gain this.

　　Report 类：

　　原因建议性文章。此为其基本框架

　　引言段 引入主题-----表明本文将谈论原因并提出建议

　　中间一段：提出原因1并进行延展

　　中间二段：提出原因2并进行延展

　　结尾段：提出建议并进行延展

　　真题模拟：

　　It is generally acknowledged that families are now not as close as they used to be.What are the possible reasons for this and what can be done to reverse the trend?

　　Along with the speeding up of modern life,family closeness has been reduced to a historic low in the recent years.Why is it the case and what can be done to switch this tendency?In this easy,I will find out the causes for this issue and explore some possible solutions.(In the following essay,I aim to identify the sources of this problem as well as some viable solutions to it.)

　　The reasons for this may involve three major aspects.First of all,working parents spend the vast majority of their time in their offices or even work overtime at home,since they want to ensure an advantageous position in the fierce competition.Consequently,they have little time for communication with other family members,which possibly results in the increasing alienation in the family.A similar case happens to children,who are often sent to boarding school and back home once a week,even once a month.

　　Even if some other young children stay at home with their parents,most of them would be induced to watch TV or play some exciting computer games or chat with faraway friends online instead of sitting around a table to start an intimate talk with other family members.So the overuse of modern technological devices is also contributing to the increasing family indifference these days.

　　To solve this problem,I think,the crucial point is to ensure sufficient time spent together and enhance the communication between different family members.Parents should spare more time from their work,which can be devoted to a short journey if it is longed for,or an exhibition or some other activities that can be enjoyed together.Moreover,some traditional values about family closeness should be imparted to the younger generation whether at home or school in their early age,when it is easier to shape a correct attitude towards family.Overall,great efforts from both parents and schools should be highly desirable to reverse the trend.

　　最后总结一下Report类文章手段的经典模板：

　　In this age of change,the human society is progressing rapidly on various fields.Yet,in the mean time,many problems have arisen,a serious one of which is-----------.There is no denying that the issue has drawn increasing public attention.In this essay,I will explore some possible causes of this phenomenon and then propose some solutions.