要写research proposal的xdjm参考一下

我不知道该怎么写。无意中查到这个。 [b]希望对大家有帮助 [b]Keys to Writing an Effective Proposal [b][b][b]Elements of the Research Proposal [b][b]Title [b]Abstract [b]Study Problem [b]Relevance of the Project [b]Literature Review [b]Specific Study Objectives [b]Research Methods [b][b]Study design [b]Subjects [b]Inclusion/exclusion criteria [b]Sampling [b]Recruitment plans [b]Method of assignment to study groups [b]Data collection [b]variables: outcomes, predictors, confounders [b]measures/instruments [b]procedures [b]Intervention [b]Statistical considerations [b]sample size [b]data analysis [b]Ethical Considerations [b]Work Plan [b][b]Budget [b][b]---------------------------------------------------------------------------- [b]---- [b][b][b]Keys To Success To Writing A Good Proposal [b][b][b]Overall Quality of the Study [b]Good research question [b]Appropriate research design [b]Rigorous and feasible methods [b]Qualified research team [b][b]Quality of the Proposal [b]Informative title [b]Self-sufficient and convincing abstract [b]Clear research questions [b]Scholarly and pertinent background and rationale [b]Relevant previous work [b]Appropriate population and sample [b]Appropriate measurement and intervention methods [b]Quality control [b]Adequate sample size [b]Sound analysis plan [b]Ethical issues well addressed [b]Tight budget [b]Realistic timetable [b][b]Quality of the Presentation [b]Clear, concise, well-organized [b]Helpful table of contents and subheadings [b]Good schematic diagrams and tables [b]Neat and free of errors [b][b]Adapted from Hulley & Cummings [b][b]---------------------------------------------------------------------------- [b]---- [b][b][b]Literature Review [b]A critical summary of research on a topic of interest, generally prepared [b]to put a research problem in context or to identify gaps and weaknesses in [b]prior studies so as to justify a new investigation. [b]Keys to Success [b][b]Thorough and complete [b]Logical [b]Recent [b]Original research [b]Primary sources [b]Critical appraisal [b]Building case for new study [b][b][b]---------------------------------------------------------------------------- [b]---- [b][b]Study Rationale [b]Has the study been done bore? [b]Will the study benit patients advance understanding or influence policy? [b][b][b]---------------------------------------------------------------------------- [b]---- [b][b][b]Study Problem (Study Purpose) [b][b]Broad statement indicating the goals of the project. [b][b]Examples: [b]What are problems related to unplanned cesarean deliveries? [b][b][b]Is colonoscopy accessible to all Canadian health care consumers? [b][b]Keys to Success [b][b]Clear [b]Relevant [b]Logical [b]Documented [b][b][b][b]---------------------------------------------------------------------------- [b]---- [b][b][b]Objectives/Research Questions/Hypotheses [b][b]Identifying the research problem and developing a question to be answered [b]are the first steps in the research process. The research question will [b]guide the remainder of the design process. [b][b]Research Objectives [b]A clear statement of the specific purposes of the study, which identifies [b]the key study variables and their possible interrelationships and the [b]nature of the population of interest. [b][b]Research Question [b]The specific purpose stated in the form of a question. [b][b]Hypotheses [b]A tentative prediction or explanation of the relationship between two or [b]more variables. A prediction of the answer to the research question. [b][b]Examples: [b][b]The purpose of this study is to determine the major physiologic [b]psychosocial and lifestyle concerns of women two weeks and eight weeks [b]after an unplanned cesarean delivery. [b][b]Does the administration of analgesic by nurses vs. by patients themselves [b]affect pain intensity during the first postoperative recovery day in older [b]adults? [b][b]Patients residing in rural areas of Alberta are less likely than urban [b]patients to undergo a colonoscopy within 18 months of a curative resection [b]for colorectal cancer. [b][b][b]Functions [b][b]Provide reviewers with a clear picture of what you plan to accomplish. [b][b]Show the reviewers that you have a clear picture of what you want to [b]accomplish. [b][b]Form the foundation for the rest of the proposal. [b][b]Will be used to assess the adequacy/appropriateness of the study's proposed [b]methods. [b][b]Keys to Success [b][b]Clear and consistent. [b]Key concepts/constructs identified. [b]Includes the independent and dependent variables (if applicable). [b]Measurable. [b]Hypotheses clearly predict a relationship between variables. [b]Relevant or novel立即咨询